članak: 1 od 1  
Izgradnja
2011, vol. 65, br. 11-12, str. 651-670
jezik rada: engleski
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Stambene strategije u Kenijskim gradovima i transformacije podstaknute od samih stanovnika - primeri naselja u Najrobiju
Lecturer, Department of Architecture & Building Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

e-adresa: makachia@uonbi.ac.ke

Sažetak

Stambene potrebe u gradu Najrobiju prerasle su ubrzani porast njegovog stanovništva, koji kulminira u nestašicama, čemu doprinose i divlja naselja, u kojima je sve više zastupljena transformacija stambenih jedinica koju preduzimaju sami stanovnici. Mada se te dodatne transformacije manifestuju kao dogradnje, one su ustvari odgovor na narasle stambene potrebe, čemu ovaj rad daje svoj doprinos nudeći gledište prema kojem kvalitet i vrednost tih dogradnji ispunjavaju socio-ekonomske potrebe, koje su glavni cilj onih koji u njima prebivaju. U prvom delu, rad ukazuje na istorijsku evoluciju i strukturu gradskih strategija u stanovanju. Cenjene od strane britanskog kolonijalnog nasleđa, ove strategije bile su konkurentne modernističkoj paradigmi i sprovođene su kao svojevrstan 'obezbeđivač' stambenog obrasca. Državna politika nezavisne Kenije teško da se udaljila od iste postavke. To je međutim protivrečilo participativnim strategijama 'vladajuće' paradigme. Ovaj rad stoji na stanovištu da odsustvo participacije stanovništva ustvari prepušta te projekte unilateralnim transformacijama, koje prevlađuju u legalnoj gradnji u Najrobiju. Korišćenjem dveju studija kao primera, naselja Buru-Buru i Kololeni, ovde su upoređeni magnituda i priroda transformacija o kojima je reč. Zaključci iscrtavaju vezu ka modelu stambene potrošnje kao vlasničkom ili kao iznajmljivačkom, kao i ka otelovljenoj projektantskoj strategiji određenog naselja, grupacija unutar istog ili stambene jedinice. Nadalje, uobičajeno negativno sagledavanje ovih transformacija stavljeno je u stranu, u znak prihvatanja svesnog unapređenja prostornog kvaliteta u transformisanim naseljima, koji promoviše suživot u susedstvima. Jedini uočeni negativan kvalitet transformacija je upotreba kratkotrajnih tehnologija i materijala, koja je međutim direktno u vezi sa nepostojanjem posedništva i drugih prava na lokaciju. Ovo je dovelo do zaključka da sastavni delovi strategije koji dovode do pozitivnih ishoda iz transformacija uključuju povećan osećaj za sigurnost posedništva i odgovarajuće fizičke strategije za neminovne transformacije od strane projektanata.

Ključne reči

transformacije inicirane od stanovnika; stambena naselja; urbane stambene strategije; Kenija; Najrobi; participacija

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