College of Health Sciences (CHS)http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/430452024-03-27T05:55:34Z2024-03-27T05:55:34ZUnderstanding and managing a case of the omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defect complexNurani, Khulud MAbdalla, WaleedAyub, Khalid Mhttp://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/1643912024-03-24T12:50:21Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZUnderstanding and managing a case of the omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defect complex
Nurani, Khulud M; Abdalla, Waleed; Ayub, Khalid M
The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare birth disorder involving a combination of gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, renal, neural, and genitourinary system defects. We present a case report of a neonate with OEIS born by vertex spontaneous delivery to non-consanguineous parents. The major presenting defect was exstrophy of the cecum lying between two exstrophied halves of the bladder, an imperforate anus and spina bifida myelomeningocele. Explorative laparotomy revealed a duplex kidney system, attachment of the terminal ileum and cecum to the exstrophy, and a sausage-like atretic large bowel. Malrotation was also noted. Ladd's bands were released followed by ileostomy and ureterostomy. Patient was stable post-operatively and in the incubator on room air. OEIS remains a challenging anomaly that requires optimal treatment to facilitate the quality of life. With appropriate surgical intervention, the functional and social treatment goals for this unusual congenital defect can be met.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZMycelial Nutrient Transfer Promotes Bacterial Co-metabolic Organochlorine Pesticide Degradation in Nutrient-deprived EnvironmentsKhan, NelsonMuge, EdwardMulaa, Francis JWamalwa, BensonBergen, Martin vJehmlich, NicoWick, Lukas Yhttp://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/1637782023-09-13T07:23:21Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZMycelial Nutrient Transfer Promotes Bacterial Co-metabolic Organochlorine Pesticide Degradation in Nutrient-deprived Environments
Khan, Nelson; Muge, Edward; Mulaa, Francis J; Wamalwa, Benson; Bergen, Martin v; Jehmlich, Nico; Wick, Lukas Y
Biotransformation of soil organochlorine pesticides (OCP) is often impeded by a lack of nutrients relevant for bacterial growth and/or co-metabolic OCP biotransformation. By providing space-filling mycelia, fungi promote contaminant biodegradation by facilitating bacterial dispersal and the mobilization and release of nutrients in the mycosphere. We here tested whether mycelial nutrient transfer from nutrient-rich to nutrient-deprived areas facilitates bacterial OCP degradation in a nutrient-deficient habitat. The legacy pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a non-HCH-degrading fungus (Fusarium equiseti K3), and a co-metabolically HCH-degrading bacterium (Sphingobium sp. S8) isolated from the same HCH-contaminated soil were used in spatially structured model ecosystems. Using 13C-labeled fungal biomass and protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP), we traced the incorporation of 13C fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins while simultaneously determining the biotransformation of the HCH isomers. The relative isotope abundance (RIA, 7.1-14.2%), labeling ratio (LR, 0.13-0.35), and the shape of isotopic mass distribution profiles of bacterial peptides indicated the transfer of 13C-labeled fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins. Distinct 13C incorporation into the haloalkane dehalogenase (linB) and 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase (LinC), as key enzymes in metabolic HCH degradation, underpin the role of mycelial nutrient transport and fungal-bacterial interactions for co-metabolic bacterial HCH degradation in heterogeneous habitats. Nutrient uptake from mycelia increased HCH removal by twofold as compared to bacterial monocultures. Fungal-bacterial interactions hence may play an important role in the co-metabolic biotransformation of OCP or recalcitrant micropollutants (MPs).
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZMissed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-middle income countries: a systematic review protocolImam, AbdulazeezObiesie, SopuruchukwuAluvaala, JalembaMaina, MichukiGathara, DavidEnglish, Mikehttp://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/1637032023-06-13T13:05:32Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZMissed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-middle income countries: a systematic review protocol
Imam, Abdulazeez; Obiesie, Sopuruchukwu; Aluvaala, Jalemba; Maina, Michuki; Gathara, David; English, Mike
Background: Missed nursing care (care left undone or task incompletion) is viewed as an important early predictor of adverse patient care outcomes and is a useful indicator to determine the quality of patient care. Available systematic reviews on missed nursing care are based mainly on primary studies from developed countries, and there is limited evidence on missed nursing care from low-middle income countries (LMICs). We propose conducting a systematic review to identify the magnitude of missed nursing care and document factors and reasons associated with this phenomenon in LMIC settings. Methods and analysis: This protocol was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct literature searching across the Ovid Medline, Embase and EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, from inception to 2021. Two independent reviewers will conduct searches and data abstraction, and discordance will be handled by discussion between both parties. The risk of bias of the individual studies will be determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical permission is not required for this review as we will make use of already published data. We aim to publish the findings of our review in peer-reviewed journals PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021286897 (27 th October 2021).
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZComparison of Social and Demographic Factors of Adolescent Boys Sentenced for Committing Sexual Offenses With Those of Non-sexual Offenders at Borstal Centres in KenyaOuma, Lucky Lhttp://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/1608442022-05-26T12:30:46Z2021-01-01T00:00:00ZComparison of Social and Demographic Factors of Adolescent Boys Sentenced for Committing Sexual Offenses With Those of Non-sexual Offenders at Borstal Centres in Kenya
Ouma, Lucky L
Introduction
Adolescents commit various types of offences, both non-sexual and sexual offences. It is not very clear whether there are peculiar social and demographic differences between adolescent sexual offenders and non-sexual offenders.
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare social and demographic factors of adolescents sentenced for committing sexual offenses with those of adolescent non-sexual offenders in borstal centres in Kenya.
Materials and Methods
This study conducted a comparative analysis of social and demographic factors of adolescents sentenced for committing sexual offenses to those of adolescent non-sexual offenders in borstal centres in Kenya. The study population is adolescents of ages 15 to 18 years. Quantitative data was collected through an interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including mean and proportions were computed. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to establish the association between the dependent variable (Commission of crime i.e. Sexual or otherwise) and independent variables. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted Odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval were estimated.
Results
The study established that most of the incarcerated adolescents were 17 years old, affiliated to the Christianity religion and were from families with both parents. Besides, most had primary level of education and had a history of alcohol use. The study results determined that age of the adolescents, their religion and family structure did not have a significant association with the type of offense they had been incarcerated for (p > 0.05). Moreover, the study established no significant association between running away from home, use of alcohol by the incarcerated adolescents, abuse of alcohol by parents / guardian, use of recreational drugs by parents /....................................................................................................................
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