Portrayal of Women Human Rights Defenders in Kenya’s Print Media

Abstract

This study sought to investigate the portrayal of Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) in Kenya’s print media. To achieve this objective, news stories from two Kenya's leading newspapers, The Daily Nation and The Standard were used as the main sources. Through an inductive content analysis study design, where desk research was adopted for data collection, relevant articles between January 2021 and December 2022 were sought in the Daily Nation and The Standard to help respond to the research questions. Ultimately, the present study findings revealed that the predominant images of representations of WHDRs included their efforts in championing for reproductive rights, participation in political processes, support for marginalised groups, legal reforms and litigation, and resilience in the face of threats. These patterns were identified in the present research findings, as contributing to the visibility of human rights issues by WHRDs in the news. Also, positive portrayals, human interest stories, gender stereotyping, criticism and opposition and coverage of activism represent the main themes of WHRDs’ portrayal and representation in media according to the present study findings from the Daily Nation and The Standard newspapers. Moreover, the main images and narratives used in the packaging of news about issues raised by WHRDs took the form of heroic narratives, gender stereotypes, empowerment and agency, recognition and awards, breaking barriers and amplifying voices, as well as inspiration and role modelling. Ultimately, it is recommended that the Kenyan print media diversify their portrayal of WHRDs by highlighting their multifaceted roles and contributions. Additionally, the media should be mindful of the potential implications of their agenda setting and its impact on public perceptions and actively work towards fostering a more accurate and balanced portrayal of WHRDs.