Challenges and Possible Solutions for Effective Solid Waste Management in Githunguri Town, Kiambu County

Abstract

Municipal solid waste management constitutes a serious problem in our world. Cities, towns, and even villages are often grappling with this huge problem. Most cities and towns do not collect all the wastes generated, and of the wastes collected, only a fraction receives proper disposal. The insufficient collection and inappropriate disposal of solid wastes represent a source of water, land and air pollution, and pose risks to human health and the environment. Over the next several decades, the rapid urbanization in the developing world will further deteriorate this situation. Information on what is happening in different intermediate towns is not available for planning purposes. This study was undertaken to profile the various indicators of urban development, determine the character of solid waste, examine solid waste disposal methods, determine the level of awareness on solid waste management, identify the key challenges to effective solid waste management and recommend possible options of improving solid waste management in Githunguri town. A sample of 110 households, 30 business enterprises and 5 key informants were interviewed. The households and business enterprises were sampled randomly while key informants were selected purposively due to their expertise and specific area of responsibility. Transect walks and non-participant observations of the study area were also carried out. The data was analyzed using mapping tools and SPSS software. The findings revealed 5 key indicators of urban development in the town ranging from improved shelter provision, social development and eradication of poverty, environmental management, enhanced economic development and good governance. These five key indicators were crucial focal points on how Githunguri town is able to manage solid waste through civic education, technology, job creation, public participation, adequate funding among other factors which all fall under any one of the key five indicators of urban development in any urban set-up. The character of the waste generated included 40% paper and plastic, 30% food waste, 20% textiles, 5% glass and metals and 5% e-waste. Seventy-five (75%) of the solid waste was disposed to the main dumpsite, 10% recycling, 7% open burning, 5% hog feeding, and 3% composting. Ninety (90%) of respondents were conversant with the term solid waste management and its associated processes while 10% were not. The main challenges to effective solid waste management were lack of law enforcement, limited funding, low literacy levels and low technology levels. The study recommends the adoption and implementation of the zero-waste theory, use of 3Rs, polluter pay principle, waste segregation measures at source, public private partnerships among others. Further research should be done on modern ways of managing and utilization of solid waste.