Challenges of Peacekeeping Operation: Case Study of South Sudan 2011-2016

Abstract

This study investigated the challenges of Peacekeeping Operations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2016. The first objective was to analyze the conflict dynamics in South Sudan. The second objective was to examine the peace support operations in South Sudan. The third objective was to determine the challenges of peace support operations in South Sudan. This study employed the theory of Liberalism by focusing on tenet of democracy that promotes rule of law, human rights and economic development. On conflict dynamics in South Sudan, findings revealed the emergence of December 2013 politically triggered conflict resulted from incomplete adherence to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). There are several reasons for this, including mistrust among political and military leaders as well as political domination across the country by some political leaders or political parties. On peacekeeping activities in South Sudan, the study found that UNMISS has enabled the mission to protect civilians, monitor and investigate human rights, support implementation of ceasefire agreement and enable conditions for humanitarian assistance. On challenges of peacekeeping in South Sudan, this study established that UNMISS is facing both internal and external challenges that include inadequate resources and poor leadership, increasing risks of attack, government restrictions, weak political commitment and lack of peace to keep. The study concluded that challenges of peacekeeping operations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2016 can be resolved if the political, economic and social issues in the country are resolved and sustainable peace agreement made so that UNMISS becomes effective. The study recommended for Government of South Sudan to support UNMISS while UNMISS should increase its capacity UN Security Council should prevent escalation of the conflict through imposing arms embargo.