In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Root Bark Extract and Isolated Chemical Constituents of Zanthoxylum Paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae)
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Date
2020Author
Kaigongi, Magrate M
Lukhoba, Catherine W
Yaouba, Souaibou
Makunga, Nokwanda P
Githiomi, Joseph
Yenesew, Abiy
Type
ArticleLanguage
enMetadata
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Abstract: Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae) is an endemic Kenyan and Tanzanian
plant used in folk medicine by local populations. Although other Zanthoxylum species have been
studied, only Z. paracantum stem extracts have been profiled, even though the roots are also
used as herbal remedies. As root extracts may be another source of pharmaceutical compounds,
the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) root bark extract was studied in this report. Eight root bark compounds
were isolated and their structural identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) (using COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC) analyses. The structural
identities were determined as follows: the fatty acid—myristic acid (1); the sterol—stigmasterol (2);
the lignan—sesamin (3); two β-carboline alkaloids—10-methoxycanthin-6-one (6) and canthin-6-one
(7); and three phenanthridine alkaloids—8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (4), arnottianamide (5)
and 8-oxochelerythrine (8). Some of these compounds were identified in the species for the first
time. These compounds and the extract were then tested in vitro against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and
Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) before tests for antiproliferative activity against the human breast
cancer (HCC 1395), human prostate cancer (DU 145) and normal (Vero E6) cell lines were conducted.
Minimum inhibition concentration values of 3.91, 1.95, 0.98 and 7.81 μg/mL against MRSA, S. aureus,
E. coli and C. albicans, respectively, were recorded. Among the isolates, canthin-6-one was the most
active, followed by 10-methoxycanthin-6-one. The root extract and some of the compounds also
had antiproliferative activity against the HCC 1395 cell line. Stigmasterol and canthin-6-one had
IC50 values of 7.2 and 0.42. The root bark extract also showed activity, at 8.12 μg/mL, against the
HCC 1395 cells. Out of the chemical isolates, 10-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one showed
the strongest inhibition of the DU 145 cells. The root extract had significant antimicrobial and
antiproliferative activities, supporting the traditional use of this plant in treating microbial infections
and cancer-related ailments
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Citation
Kaigongi, M.M., Lukhoba, C.W., Yaouba, S., Makunga NP, Githiomi, J., Yenesew A. "In vitro antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the root bark extract and isolated chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum paracanthum kokwaro (Rutaceae)." Plants . 2020;9(7):920.Publisher
University of Nairobi
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