Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2521-2540 of 29885
-
Higher transplacental pathogen-specific antibody transfer among pregnant women randomized to triple antiretroviral treatment versus short course zidovudine.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection may impair transplacental antibody transfer to infants. The impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment (ART) given during pregnancy on transplacental antibody transport is unknown. M ... -
Antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of imminent preterm birth in low-resource countries: the case for equipoise and the need for efficacy trials.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The scientific basis for antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for women at risk of preterm birth has rapidly changed in recent years. Two landmark trials-the Antenatal Corticosteroid Trial and the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids ... -
Frequency of monitoring kidney function in HIV-uninfected persons using daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate pre-exposure prophylaxis.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Wide-scale implementation of oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is now policy in many settings. However, the optimal frequency for monitoring kidney function remains ... -
Study protocol for a cluster-randomized trial to compare human papillomavirus based cervical cancer screening in community-health campaigns versus health facilities in western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Despite guidelines for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource countries, a very small proportion of women in these settings undergo screening, and even fewer women are successfully treated. Using pilot ... -
SMS messaging to improve ART adherence: perspectives of pregnant HIV-infected women in Kenya on HIV-related message content.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There is growing evidence that mobile health (mHealth) approaches including short messaging service (SMS) can improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but consensus is lacking regarding communication of HIV-related ... -
Formula-feeding of HIV-exposed uninfected African children is associated with faster growth in length during the first 6 months of life in the Kesho Bora study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Background: Early feeding patterns may affect the growth of HIV-exposed children and thus their subsequent health and cognition.Objective: We assessed the association of infant feeding (IF) mode with length-for-age z score ... -
Health facility factors and quality of services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, and Mozambique.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)This study aimed to identify facility-level characteristics associated with prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service quality. This cross-sectional study sampled 60 health facilities in Mozambique, Côte d'Ivoire, ... -
Prevalence and predictors of intra-abdominal hypertension and compartment syndrome in surgical patients in critical care units at Kenyatta National Hospital.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) affects almost every organ sytem.If it is not detected early and corrected, mortality would be high. The prevalence of IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) at Kenyatta ... -
My child, my patient.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Many times, we make decisions in our lives that have unanticipated impacts. Decisions made can change our careers and outlook toward life. As a younger doctor, I considered illness and disease abstractions, and good ... -
Assessment of nurses interventions in the management of clinical alarms in the critical care unit, Kenyatta National Hospital, a cross sectional study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Alarms in the critical areas are an important component of most of the machines as they alert nurses on the change in the patients' condition. Most patients in the critical care units cannot speak for themselves ... -
Disclosure, consent, opportunity costs, and inaccurate risk assessment deter pediatric HIV testing: a mixed-methods study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)(250/250 words) BACKGROUND:: Prompt child HIV testing and treatment is critical; however, children are often not diagnosed until symptomatic. Understanding factors that influence pediatric HIV testing can inform strategies ... -
Simulated patient encounters to improve adolescent retention in HIV care in Kenya: study protocol of a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Adolescent-friendly policies aim to tailor HIV services for adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years (AYA) to promote health outcomes and improve retention in HIV care and treatment. However, few interventions ... -
Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Mombasa, Kenya: Feasibility, Prevalence, and Correlates.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: As adolescents and young women become sexually active, they are at risk of adverse reproductive health outcomes including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We assessed feasibility and acceptability of ... -
Stakeholder perspectives for optimization of tuberculosis contact investigation in a high-burden setting.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: Optimal tuberculosis contact investigation impacts TB prevention, timely case finding and linkage to care, however data on routine implementation in high burden contexts is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In ... -
Preventing HIV infection without targeting the virus: how reducing HIV target cells at the genital tract is a new approach to HIV prevention.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)For over three decades, HIV infection has had a tremendous impact on the lives of individuals and public health. Microbicides and vaccines studies have shown that immune activation at the genital tract is a risk factor for ... -
CD161 identifies polyfunctional Th1/Th17 cells in the genital mucosa that are depleted in HIV-infected female sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)CD161 identifies a subset of circulating Th17 cells that are depleted in the blood and gut of HIV-infected individuals. In the female reproductive tract (FRT), the pattern of CD161 expression on CD4+ cells remains unknown. ... -
Collaboration between biomedical and complementary and alternative care providers: barriers and pathways.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)We examined the scope of collaborative care for persons with mental illness as implemented by traditional healers, faith healers, and biomedical care providers. We conducted semistructured focus group discussions in Ghana, ... -
Medical Education Partnership Initiative gives birth to AFREhealth.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) held its first symposium in Accra, Ghana, between Aug 1 and Aug 3, 2017. This new organisation is committed to developing health professionals' education ... -
Clinical characteristics and 12-month outcomes of patients with valvular and non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major contributor to the global cardiovascular disease burden. The clinical profile and outcomes of AF patients with valvular heart diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have not ... -
Protocol of a randomised controlled trial characterising the immune responses induced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination in healthy Kenyan women: setting the stage for a potential VZV-based HIV vaccine.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: A protective HIV vaccine would be expected to induce durable effector immune responses at the mucosa, restricting HIV infection at its portal of entry. We hypothesise that use of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ...