Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2721-2740 of 29885
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Visualization of house-entry behaviour of malaria mosquitoes
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Malaria mosquitoes often blood feed indoors on human hosts. The mosquitoes predominantly enter houses via open eaves. Host-seeking is odour-driven, and finding a host depends on the quality of the odour plume ... -
Frequency of Epstein - Barr virus in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Most acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are usually not associated with a specific diagnosis because of limitations of available diagnostics. This study reports on the frequency of EBV viremia and viral load in ... -
Field evaluation of two novel sampling devices for collecting wild oviposition site seeking malaria vector mosquitoes: OviART gravid traps and squares of electrocuting nets.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: New sampling tools are needed for collecting exophilic malaria mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa to monitor the impact of vector control interventions. The OviART gravid trap and squares of electrocuting nets ... -
Profile: the Rusinga health and demographic surveillance system, western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The health and demographic surveillance system on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, was initiated in 2012 to facilitate a malaria intervention trial: the SolarMal project. The project aims to eliminate malaria from Rusinga ... -
The epidemiology of residual Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and infection burden in an African city with high coverage of multiple vector control measures.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: In the Tanzanian city of Dar es Salaam, high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), larvicide application (LA) and mosquito-proofed housing, was complemented with improved access to artemisinin-based ... -
Enhancing attraction of African malaria vectors to a synthetic Odor blend.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The deployment of odor-baited tools for sampling and controlling malaria vectors is limited by a lack of potent synthetic mosquito attractants. A synthetic mixture of chemical compounds referred to as "the Mbita blend" ... -
Isolation of a new β-carboline alkaloid from aerial parts of Triclisia sacleuxii and its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)A new β-carboline alkaloid named sacleuximine A (1) together with known compounds palmatine (2), isotetrandrine (3), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (4), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (5), yangambin (6), syringaresinol (7), sesamin ... -
Induction of humoral immune response to multiple recombinant Rhipicephalus appendiculatus antigens and their effect on tick feeding success and pathogen transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus is the primary vector of Theileria parva, the etiological agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a devastating disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that a vaccine ... -
Alcohol use and associations with biological markers and self-reported indicators of unprotected sex in human immunodeficiency virus-positive female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Studies of alcohol use and sexual behavior in African populations have primarily been cross-sectional, used nonvalidated measures of alcohol use, or relied on self-reported sexual risk endpoints. Few have ... -
Anthocyanin Accumulation in Muscadine Berry Skins Is Influenced by the Expression of the MYB Transcription Factors, MybA1, and MYBCS1.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The skin color of grape berry is very important in the wine industry. The red color results from the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, which is regulated by transcription factors belonging to the MYB family. The ... -
Influence of cattle on browsing and grazing wildlife varies with rainfall and presence of megaherbivores.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)In many savanna ecosystems worldwide, livestock share the landscape and its resources with wildlife. The nature of interactions between livestock and wildlife is a subject of considerable interest and speculation, yet ... -
Environmental predictors of bovine Eimeria infection in western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan infection affecting most domestic animal species. Outbreaks in cattle are associated with various environmental factors in temperate climates but limited work has been done in tropical ... -
Antifungal activity of essential oil of eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. Against selected fusarium spp.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. against five Fusarium spp. commonly associated with maize. The essential oil had been extracted ... -
The socio-economic drivers of bushmeat consumption during the West African Ebola crisis.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Bushmeat represents an important source of animal protein for humans in tropical Africa. Unsustainable bushmeat hunting is a major threat to wildlife and its consumption is associated with an increased risk of acquiring ... -
Temperature-dependent phenology of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Simulation and visualization of current and future distributions along the Eastern Afromontane.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There is a scarcity of laboratory and field-based results showing the movement of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) across a spatial scale. We studied the population growth of the diamondback moth (DBM) ... -
Lay knowledge and management of malaria in Baringo county, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Malaria, a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by female anopheline mosquitoes, is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and loss in productivity in humans. Baringo ... -
Ecological niche modelling of Rift Valley fever virus vectors in Baringo, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that has an impact on human health and animal productivity. Here, we explore the use of vector presence modelling to predict the distribution of RVF ... -
Understanding the acceptability and adherence to paediatric antiretroviral treatment in the new formulation of pellets (LPV/r): the protocol of a realist evaluation.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Improving access to paediatric HIV treatment requires both large-scale treatment programmes and medication that is adapted to infants and children's needs. The WHO recommends lopinavir/ritonavir as first-line ... -
Water Stress Tolerance of Six Rangeland Grasses in the Kenyan Semi-arid Rangelands
(University of Nairobi, 2015)This study evaluated six grass species in terms of water stress responses by visual quality and living ground cover attributes and the recovery responses post water stress grown at 80, 50, 30% field capacity soil moisture ... -
Preoperative prediction of the size of pure ductal carcinoma in situ using three imaging modalities as compared to histopathological size: does magnetic resonance imaging add value?
(University of Nairobi, 2017)PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography add value to traditional mammography in an Asian population with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS: Data ...