Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS)
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HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis: An Emerging Understanding Through Imaging and Immunology
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Cardiac abnormalities were identified early in the epidemic of AIDS, predating the isolation and characterization of the etiologic agent, HIV. Several decades later, the causation and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease ... -
Newborn and infant hearing screening for early detection of hearing loss in Nairobi, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: Early detection of hearing loss and subsequent intervention leads to better speech, language and educational outcomes giving way to improved social economic prospects in adult life. This can be achieved through ... -
Tumor microenvironment of Burkitt lymphoma: different immune signatures with different clinical behavior
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is characterized by a tumor microenvironment (TME) in which macrophages represent the main component, determining a distinct histological appearance known as "starry sky" pattern. However, in some ... -
WHO's essential medicines and AWaRe: recommendations on first- and second-choice antibiotics for empiric treatment of clinical infections
(University of Nairobi, 2024)The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) prioritizes medicines that have significant global public health value. The EML can also deliver important messages on appropriate medicine use. Since 2017, in response to ... -
Two-drug regimens for the treatment of HIV in Africa
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Two-drug regimens for the treatment of HIV are increasingly available. The oral regimen of dolutegravir plus lamivudine is recommended as a preferred option in multiple national guidelines but is not currently included in ... -
Overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood. Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, ... -
Making cities mental health friendly for adolescents and young adults
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Urban life shapes the mental health of city dwellers, and although cities provide access to health, education and economic gain, urban environments are often detrimental to mental health1,2. Increasing urbanization over ... -
Prevalence of all epilepsies in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: a two-stage population-based study
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: WHO estimates that more than 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy and 80% of cases are in low-income and middle-income countries. Most studies in Africa have focused on active convulsive epilepsy in rural ... -
Acute cholangitis: a state-of-the-art review
(Acute cholangitis: a state-of-the-art review, 2024)Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the intra and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. It remains the second and third cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteremia, respectively, ... -
The prevalence, patterns and factors associated with work related musculoskeletal symptoms among surgical residents in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
(JPPS, 2024-04-19)Background: In the medical sector, surgeons work in an environment that is not ergonomically ideal, and many suffer work-related musculoskeletal symptoms that may result in reduced quality of life, disability, and diminished ... -
The potential impact and cost of focusing HIV prevention on young women and men: A modeling analysis in western Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Objective: We compared the impact and costs of HIV prevention strategies focusing on youth (15-24 year-old persons) versus on adults (15+ year-old persons), in a high-HIV burden context of a large generalized epidemic. Design: ... -
Towards pharmacogenomics-guided tuberculosis (TB) therapy: N-acetyltransferase-2 genotypes among TB-infected Kenyans of mixed ethnicity
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: Though persons of African descent have one of the widest genetic variability, genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolising enzymes such as N-Acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) are understudied. This study aimed to identify ... -
Typhoid fever in India: A growing concern requiring immediate preventive efforts
(University of Nairobi, 2024) -
Positive and Healthy Living Program Manual Development for Young People Living With HIV at the Comprehensive Care Center at the Kenyatta National Hospital: An Open Pilot Implementation Trial
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a great challenge among young people in Kenya. Young people living with HIV are faced with a lot of challenges that are often ... -
Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Ruminant livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, possess a distinctive digestive system with complex microbiota communities critical for feed conversion and secondary metabolite production, including greenhouse ... -
Frequent and intense human-bat interactions occur in buildings of rural Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Simultaneous use of domestic spaces by humans and wildlife is little understood, despite global ubiquity, and can create an interface for human exposure to wildlife pathogens. Bats are a pervasive synanthropic taxon and ... -
Estimating the costs and perceived benefits of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery in ten counties of Kenya: a costing and a contingent valuation study
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: Kenya included oral PrEP in the national guidelines as part of combination HIV prevention, and subsequently began providing PrEP to individuals who are at elevated risk of HIV infection in 2017. However, as ... -
Dietary regimens appear to possess significant effects on the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated metabolic syndrome
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Introduction: This study investigated the interactions between a low protein high calorie (LPHC) diet and an integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral drug regimen (INI-CR)in light of evidence suggesting that the ... -
Patterns of facility and patient related factors to the orthopedic and trauma admissions at the Kenyatta National Hospital: A qualitative assessment
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Inappropriate utilization of higher-level health facilities and ineffective management of the referral processes in resource-limited settings is increasingly becoming a concern in health care management in developing ... -
Temporal trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance within and between risk groups in Kenya, 1986-2020
(University of Nairobi, 2024)Background: Evidence on the distribution of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among risk groups is limited in Africa. We assessed the prevalence, trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIVDR within and ...
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