Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Subject "Africa"

Now showing items 1-20 of 22

    • Africa: the changing environment and health 

      Mwanthi, MA (University of NairobiSchool of Public Health, 1992)
      Like other developing areas of the world, Africa is undergoing social, political, and economic changes. These developmental changes have provided important benefits, but have also produced significant impacts on the ...

    • Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine 

      Chung, Michael H.; Kiarie, James N.; Richardson, Barbra A.; Lehman, Dara A.; Overbaugh, Julie; Stewart, Grace C. John (2005)
      Objective: To compare the effect of perinatal regimens of short-course nevirapine (HIVNET012)andzidovudine[Thai-CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC) regimen] on breast milk viral shedding and perinatal transmission ...

    • Circumcision preference among women and uncircumcised men prior to scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Kisumu, Kenya 

      Westercamp, M; Agot, KE; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Bailey, RC (Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, KenyaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USADepartment of Research, Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, KenyaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 2012)
      Following the endorsement by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) of male circumcision as an additional strategy to HIV prevention, initiatives to introduce safe, ...

    • CLSI-Derived Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals for Healthy Adults in Eastern and Southern Africa 

      Karita, Etienne; Ketter, Nzeera; Price, Matt A; Kayitenkore, Kayitesi; Kaleebu, Pontiano; Nanvubya, Annet; Anzala, Omu; Jaoko, Walter; Mutua, Gaudensia; Ruzagira, Eugene; Mulenga, Joseph; Sanders, Eduard J.; Mwangome, Mary; Allen, Susan; Bwanika, Agnes; Bahemuka, Ubaldo; Awuondo, Ken; Omosa, Gloria; Farah, Bashir; Amornkul, Pauli; Birungi, Josephine; Yates, Sarah; Stoll-Johnson, Lisa; Gilmour, Jill; Stevens, Gwynn; Shutes, Erin; Manigart, Olivier; Hughes, Peter; Dally, Len; Scott, Janet; Stevens, Wendy; Fast, Pat; Kamali, Anatoli (2/6/2009)
      Background: Clinical laboratory reference intervals have not been established in many African countries, and non-local intervals are commonly used in clinical trials to screen and monitor adverse events (AEs) among African ...

    • Does prospective monitoring improve cataract surgery outcomes in Africa? 

      Yorston, D; Gichuhi, S; Wood, M; Foster, A (Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 2007-06)
      Aims: To determine if prospective monitoring influences cataract surgical outcomes in east Africa. Methods: A prospective observational study of all routine extracapsular cataract extractions with posterior chamber lens ...

    • Domestic violence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 

      Kiarie, James N.; Farquhar, Carey; Richardson, Barbra A.; Kabura, Marjory N.; John, Francis N.; Nduati, RW; Stewart, Grace C. John (2006)
      Objectives Todeterminetheprevalenceof life-timedomesticviolencebythecurrent partnerbeforeHIV-1testing,itsimpactontheuptakeofpreventionofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and frequency after testing. Design ...

    • The effect of rapid HIV-1 testing on uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions: a randomized clinical trial 

      Malonza, Isaac M; Richardson, Barbra A; Kreiss, Joan K; Bwayo, JJ; Grace, C; Stewart, John (Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 2003)
      Objective We examined whether HIV-1 testing using a rapid assay increases the proportion of pregnant women obtaining HIV-1 results and the uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions. Methods Pregnant women attending ...

    • HIV-1-specific mucosal IgA in a cohort of HIV-1-resistant Kenyan sex workers 

      Kaul, R; Trabattoni, D; Bwayo, JJ; Arienti, D; Zagliani, A; Mwangi, FM.; Kariuki C.; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; MacDonald KS.; Ball TB.; Clerici M.; Plummer FA. (Department of Medical Microbiology and Community Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,The Cattedra di Immunologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, 1999)
      Objectives: Most HIV-1 transmission is sexual; therefore, immune responses in the genital mucosa may be important in mediating protection against HIV infection. This study examined HIV-1-specific mucosal IgA in a cohort ...

    • Impact of Prior HAART Use on Clinical Outcomes in a Large Kenyan HIV Treatment Program 

      Chung, Michael H.; Drake, Alison L.; Richardson, Barbra A.; Reddy, Ashok; Thiga, Joan; Sakr, Samah R.; Kiarie, James N.; Yowakim, Paul; Stewart, Grace C. John (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2009)

    • Implementing a hospital based injury surveillance system in Africa: lessons learned 

      Zavalaa, Diego E; Bokongo, Simon; John, I. A.; Senoga, Ismail Mpanga; Mtonga, Robert E.; Mohammed, A. Z.; Odhiambo, Walter Anjango; Olupot-Olupot, Peter (School of medicine, University of Nairobi, 2008)
      A multinational injury surveillance pilot project was carried out in five African countries in the first half of 2007 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda and Zambia). Hospitals were selected in each ...

    • Injury Outcomes in Elderly Patients Admitted at an Urban African Hospital 

      Saidi, H; Mutiso, B (University of Nairobi,Department of Human Anatomy,, 2013)
      Background: Elderly patients have worse outcomes for similar severity when compared to younger trauma patients. Elderly patients form smaller proportions of the trauma population in the developing world in comparison to ...

    • Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions 

      Tzotzosh, George; Souissig, Thouraya; Ochanda, James; Obilana, A Babatunde; Marasas, Wally; Head, Graham; Hanafi, Abdelhaq; Gressel, Jonathan (Department of Biochemistry, 2004-08)
      The input costs of pesticides to control biotic constraints are often prohibitive to the subsistence farmers of Africa and seed based solutions to biotic stresses are more appropriate. Plant breeding has been highly ...

    • The management of children with Kaposi sarcoma in resource limited settings 

      Israels Trijn.; Githanga Jessie N.; Balagadde-Kambugu Joyce.; Hesseling Peter.; Orem Jackson.; Davidson Alan.; Molyneux Elizabeth. (Department of Human Pathology, 2013-04)
      Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is common where HIV infection is endemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence in well-resourced settings but in some parts of the world access to ART is delayed. These recommendations ...

    • Metabolic syndrome and its predictors in an urban population in Kenya: A cross sectional study. 

      Omuse, G; Maina, D; Hoffman, M; Mwangi, J; Wambua, C; Kagotho, E; Amayo, A; Ojwang, P; Premji, Z; Ichihara, K; Erasmus ., R (BMC, 2017-07-04)
      The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of interrelated risk factors which doubles the risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) in 5-10 years and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes 5 fold. The identification of ...

    • The place of knowledge management in influencing lasting health change in Africa: an analysis of AMREF's progress. 

      Shoo R.; Matuku W.; Ireri Jackson Mrama.; Nyagero J.; Gatonga P. (University of NairobiDepartment of Human Pathology, 2012)
      INTRODUCTION: AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation) developed a Knowledge Management Strategy that focused on creating, capturing and applying health knowledge to close the gap between communities and health ...

    • Population pharmacokinetics of a single daily intramuscular dose of gentamicin in children with severe malnutrition 

      Thomson, Alison H; Maitland, Kathryn; Kokwaro, Gilbert; Muchohi, Simon; Ignas, James; Seaton, Claire (Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, 2007)
      The World Health Organization recommends that all children admitted with severe malnutrition should routinely receive parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin; despite this, mortality remains high. Since this population group ...

    • Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa. 

      Wiktor, SZ; Ekpini, E; Nduati, RW (Department of paediatrics, University of Nairobi, 1997)
      PIP: With the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women higher than 35% in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the number of HIV-infected children will continue to grow. It is estimated that almost 70% of the approximately ...

    • Prolapsed Inter-vertebral disc in an African population 

      Ongeti, KW; Gakuu, LN; Ogeng'o, Julius A; Saidi, H (College of health science University of Nairobi, 2012)
      Characteristics of Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (PID) in Africa, reports are scanty and often disparate PID in Kenya is commonest in the lower lumbar region of young people more in females and is associated with trauma

    • Sexual behavior of HIV-positive adults not accessing HIV treatment in Mombasa, Kenya: Defining their prevention needs. 

      Sarna, A; Luchters, S; Pickett, M; Chersich, M; Okal, J; Geibel, S; Kingola, N; Temmerman, M (school of health sciences, 2012)
      Background: HIV spread continues at high rates from infected persons to their sexual partners. In 2009, an estimated 2.6 million new infections occurred globally. People living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving treatment are ...

    • Stable antenatal HIV-1 seroprevalence with high population mobility and marked seroprevalence variation among sentinel sites within Nairobi, Kenya. 

      Jackson, DJ; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Plummer, FA; Kirui P.; Kariuki, C; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Bwayo, JJ; Moses, S (Department of Community Health, University of Nairobi, Kenya.Department of Medical Microbiology, University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., 1999)
      Objectives: To monitor and analyse trends in HIV-1 seroprevalence among antenatal women in Nairobi, Kenya. Design: Six sequential surveys were carried out among antenatal clinic attenders at four Nairobi City Council ...