Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 1741-1760 of 10385
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Factors influencing performance of health workers in the management of seriously sick children at a Kenyan tertiary hospital - participatory action research.
(Univeristy of Nairobi, 2014-02)Background: Implementation of World Health Organization case management guidelines for serious childhood illnesses remains a challenge in hospitals in low-income countries. Facilitators of and barriers to implementation ... -
Social aspects of the dental health of the rural Maasai community in Kenya.
(Univeristy of Nairobi, 1994)This paper establishes both dental treatment and dental health education needs among the rural Maasai communities of Kenya. The study also evaluates the prevalence and rationale of extraction of deciduous canine tooth buds ... -
Factors Influencing the Outcomes in Extradural Haematoma Patients
(2015)Background: Extradural hematomas are neurosurgical emergencies and are one of the most common causes of mortality and disability after traumatic brain injury. This study aimed at evaluating the current management and ... -
Risk Factor Profile of Motorcycle Crash Victims in Rural Kenya
(2015)Background: Road traffic injuries involving motorcycles are increasing especially in rural Kenya resulting in both human and economic loss. This study was done to identify the risk factors and the host characteristics ... -
Massive Cervico-Lingual Cystic Hygroma
(2015)Cystic Hygroma (CH) is an aberrant proliferation of lymphatic vessels creating fluid-filled sacs that result from blockage in the abnormal lymphatic system. These benign lesions are characteristic in their capability to ... -
The magnitude and pattern of diabetic retinopathy in Yaoundé, Cameroon - a cross-sectional hospital-based study.
(University of Nairobi, 2015) -
Using diaries to measure parameters of transactional sex: an example from the Trans‐Africa highway in Kenya
(Univeristy of Nairobi, 2006)Conventional methods of elicitation have severe limitations where sensitive information is being sought, resulting from both self‐disclosure and recall bias. The use of diaries largely circumvents both of these problems. ... -
Changes in the contribution of genital tract infections to HIV acquisition among Kenyan high-risk women from 1993 to 2012
(University of Nairobi, 2015)Objective: The objective of this study was to understand temporal trends in the contribution of different genital tract infections to HIV incidence over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of high-risk women. Design: A ... -
Geographic distribution of HIV stigma among women of childbearing age in rural Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2014-04-24)Objective(s): HIV stigma is considered to be a major driver of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, yet there is a limited understanding of its occurrence. We describe the geographic patterns of two forms of HIV stigma in a cross-sectional ... -
For protection from HIV-1 infection, more might not be better: a systematic analysis of HIV Gag epitopes of two alleles associated with different outcomes of HIV-1 infection
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2011)A subset of women in the Pumwani Sexworker cohort, established in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya, remains uninfected despite repeated high-risk exposure(HESN) through active sex work. This HESN phenotype is associated with several ... -
A common HLA-DP genotype is associated with resistance to hiv-1 infection in Kenyan sex workers
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2008-10)HLA-DP antigens present peptides to CD4+ T cells and play an important role in parasitic infections and autoimmune diseases, yet their influence on HIV-1 susceptibility has not been well studied. Here, we report several ... -
Cellular immune responses to recurring influenza strains have limited boosting ability and limited cross-reactivity to other strains
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010-08)Influenza vaccine provides protection against infection with matched strains, and this protection correlates with serum antibody titres. In addition to antibodies, influenza-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses are important ... -
Blunted il17/il22 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the genital tract and blood of HIV-exposed, seronegative female sex workers in Kenya
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2012-08)Background Identifying the immune correlates of reduced susceptibility to HIV remains a key goal for the HIV vaccine field, and individuals who are HIV-exposed, seronegative (HESN) may offer important clues. Reduced ... -
Cohorts for the study of HIV-1—exposed but uninfected individuals: benefits and limitations
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010)Since the late 1980s, with the first identification of individuals who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) yet remained uninfected, or “HIV-1—resistant” individuals, a large number of cohorts that ... -
Multiplex detection of bacteria associated with normal microbiota and with bacterial vaginosis in vaginal swabs by use of oligonucleotide-coupled fluorescent
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2009-12)Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a recurrent condition that is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases, preterm births, and ... -
Epitope cross-reactivity frequently differs between central and effector memory HIV-specific CD8+ t cells1
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2007-03)HIV diversity may limit the breadth of vaccine coverage due to epitope sequence differences between strains. Although amino acid substitutions within CD8+ T cell HIV epitopes can result in complete or partial abrogation ... -
Inflammation and HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2015-04)While the per-contact risk of sexual HIV transmission is relatively low, it is fourfold higher in sub-Saharan Africa, and this may partly explain the major global disparities that exist in HIV prevalence. Genital immune ... -
Evaluation of a quantitative real-time PCR assay to measure HIV-specific mucosal CD8+ T cell responses in the cervix
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010-10)Several candidate HIV vaccines aim to induce virus-specific cellular immunity particularly in the genital tract, typically the initial site of HIV acquisition. However, standardized and sensitive methods for evaluating ... -
Repeat use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among Nairobi-based female sex workers following sexual exposure
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2015-05)As ART-based prevention becomes available, effectively targeting these interventions to key populations such as female sex workers (FSW) will be critical. In this study we analyze patterns of repeated post-exposure prophylaxis ... -
Donating human samples: who benefits? Cases from iceland, Kenya and Indonesia
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2013-06)Benefit sharing involving human genetic resources is an unresolved topic. Some argue that participation in scientific research should always be altruistically motivated, which is how access to human genetic resources has ...