Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2001-2020 of 10385
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Early HIV-1 Infection Is Associated With Reduced Frequencies of Cervical Th17 Cells.
(2015)BACKGROUND:: The hallmark of HIV infection is progressive but variable rates of systemic and mucosal CD4 depletion, leading to immunodeficiency. The impact of early HIV infection on cervical CD4 T-cell populations in ... -
Understanding Adherence to Daily and Intermittent Regimens of Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya.
(2014)A qualitative assessment of Kenyan men who have sex with men taking daily and intermittent oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) found stigma, sex work, mobility, and alcohol impacted adherence. We analyzed quantitative ... -
Application of principal component analysis to multispectral-multimodal optical image analysis for malaria diagnostics.
(2014)BACKGROUND: Multispectral imaging microscopy is a novel microscopic technique that integrates spectroscopy with optical imaging to record both spectral and spatial information of a specimen. This enables acquisition of ... -
Preexposure prophylaxis is efficacious for HIV-1 prevention among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception.
(2014)OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy for HIV-1 prevention among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception and men whose HIV-1-infected partners use DMPA. DESIGN ... -
Esophageal cytology sponge diagnostic test results in kenyatta national referral hospital, kenya.
(2014)OBJECTIVE: To describe the cytological findings of the esophagus using sponge cytology as a triage test in patients referred for esophageal endoscopy at Kenyatta National Hospital. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional ... -
Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)BACKGROUND: In-home iron fortification for infants in developing countries is recommended for control of anaemia, but low absorption typically results in >80% of the iron passing into the colon. Iron is essential for ... -
Systems analysis and improvement to optimize pMTCT (SAIA): a cluster randomized trial
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background Despite significant increases in global health investment and the availability of low-cost, efficacious interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (pMTCT) in low- and middle-income countries ... -
Women and ARV-based HIV prevention - challenges and opportunities.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)ARV-based HIV prevention methods available in pill, gel or ring formulations (broadly referred to as microbicides) offer the possibility of protection against HIV for women who find it difficult because they cannot ask ... -
The impact of introducing new vaccines on the health system: Case studies from six low- and middle-income countries.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the impacts of new vaccine introductions on immunization programmes and health systems in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We conducted case studies of seven vaccine introductions ... -
Single-agent tenofovir versus combination emtricitabine plus tenofovir for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 acquisition: an update of data from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
(2014)Abstract BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination with emtricitabine, has been shown to be efficacious ... -
System dynamics model of cervical cancer vaccination and screening interventions in Kenya
(2014)Objectives This paper presents a simulation model for evaluating the possible effects of a screening and vaccination campaign against Human Papillomavirus [HPV] in Kenya. Method A System Dynamics model was developed ... -
Anti-malarial activity of a polyherbal product (Nefang) during early and established Plasmodium infection in rodent models
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background The emerging resistance of Plasmodium species to currently available anti-malarials remains a public health concern, hence the need for new effective, safe and affordable drugs. Natural products remain a ... -
Diagnostic utility of zinc protoporphyrin to detect iron deficiency in Kenyan pregnant women
(University of Nairobi, 2014)BackgroundIron-deficient erythropoiesis results in excess formation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), which can be measured instantly and at low assay cost using portable haematofluorometers. ZPP is used as a screening marker ... -
Texting improves testing: a randomized trial of two-way SMS to increase postpartum prevention of mother-to-child transmission retention and infant HIV testing.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)OBJECTIVE: Many sub-Saharan African countries report high postpartum loss to follow-up of mother-baby pairs. We aimed to determine whether interactive text messages improved rates of clinic attendance and early infant ... -
Intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin (Pelomedusa subrufa).
(2014)BACKGROUND: The role of noradrenergic system in the control of nociception is documented in some vertebrate animals. However, there are no data showing the role of this system on nociception in the marsh terrapins. M ... -
Hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia as determinants of admission birth weight criteria for term stable low risk macrosomic neonates
(University of Nairobi, 2014-09)Background : Large for gestational age (LGA) accounts for about 6.3% of admissions in kenyatta national hospital, newborn unit. As a policy all IGA’s, defined by birth weight of 4000g and above are admitted for 24hours ... -
Community-based evaluation of PMTCT uptake in Nyanza province, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)INTRODUCTION: Facility-based assessments of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs may overestimate population coverage. There are few community-based studies that evaluate PMTCT coverage and ... -
Prevalence and correlates of treatment failure among Kenyan children hospitalised with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study of the clinical effectiveness of WHO pneumonia case management guidelines
(2014)Objective To determine the extent and pattern of treatment failure (TF) among children hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia at a large tertiary hospital in Kenya. Methods We followed up children aged 2–59 ...