Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2061-2080 of 10385
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Species and serotype diversity of human rhinoviruses from patients presenting with influenza like illness in Kenya in 2008
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Tract infections, the main cause of the common cold and recently have been associated with more serious respiratory infections. There are over 100 known serotypes of HRV, classified into 3 species (A, B and C). In Kenya, ... -
Neuraminidase Inhibitor activities on Influenza B isolates obtained in Kenya, 2011-2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Introduction: Oseltamivir and zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) with important roles as drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. Whereas there have been reports of in vivo resistance of influenza B ... -
Origins, molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Kenya: a bayesian coalescent analysis
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: An influenza pandemic caused by a swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] spread worldwide in 2009 and is estimated to have caused between 151,700 and 575,400 deaths globally. The spread of influenza ... -
Influenza surveillance in Kenya2006-2013: experiences and lessons learned
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Influenza sentinel surveillance at the KEMRI-National Influenza Centre (NIC) was rolled out in 2006. A team of collaborators from Kenya Medical Research Unit (KEMRI), US Army Medical research unit –Kenya ... -
Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts involved in the fermentation ofamabere amaruranu, a Kenyan fermented milk.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Indigenous fermented milk products contain microbiota composed of technologically important species and strains which are gradually getting lost with new technologies. We investigated the microbial diversity inamabere ... -
Trends in drug resistance codons in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Kenyan parasites from 2008 to 2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), an antifolate, was r eplaced by artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line malaria drug treatment in Kenya in 2004 due to the wide s pread of resistance. However, SP still remains ... -
Characteristics and outcomes of HIV-infected youth and young adolescents enrolled in HIV care in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background:: The number of youth and adolescents (10-24 years) with HIV infection has increased substantially presenting unique challenges to effective health service delivery. Methods:: We examined routinely collected ... -
Association between male circumcision and incidence of syphilis in men and women: a prospective study in HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual African couples
(University of Nairobi, 2014-11)Background Male circumcision is a primary HIV-1 prevention intervention for men, but whether the procedure reduces the risk of syphilis among men and their female partners is uncertain. We aimed to assess whether male ... -
Genetic Diversity of Human Enterovirus 68 Strains Isolated in Kenya Using the Hypervariable 3′- End of VP1 Gene
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Reports of increasing worldwide circulation of human enterovirus-68 (EV68) are well documented. Despite health concerns posed by resurgence of these viruses, little is known about EV68 strains circulating in Kenya. In ... -
Phylogenetic characterization of respiratory human adenoviruses isolated from pediatrics patients in new Nyanza provincial general hospital; Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens associated with diseases affecting the respiratory tract, gastro intestinal tract as well as various organs like the liver, kidney and the brain. Currently there ... -
Seasonal trend of Influenza in Kenya from January - October 2013
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Influenza A and B viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory illness. The Influenza surveillance network in Kenya through its sentinel surveillance sites located throughout the country has established that ... -
Bacteria causing ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in a Kenyan population.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-11)OBJECT Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hydrocephalus. Most data about these infections come from the Western literature. Few data about infecting ... -
Primary immunodeficiency diagnosed at autopsy: a case report
(University of Nairobi, 2014)DiGeorge syndrome may manifest as severe immunodeficiency diagnosed at infancy. The diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency is based on characteristic clinical features, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, molecular diagnostics ... -
Maternal and perinatal health research priorities beyond 2015: an international survey and prioritization exercise.
(University of Nairobi,, 2014)Maternal mortality has declined by nearly half since 1990, but over a quarter million women still die every year of causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal-health related targets are falling short of the 2015 ... -
Mesalazine in the initial management of severely acutely malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction: a pilot randomized controlled trial
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired syndrome of impaired gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function that is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of stunting in early life. It has ... -
A randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led palliative care intervention for HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy: recruitment, refusal, randomisation and missing data.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background Despite the life threatening nature of an HIV diagnosis and the multidimensional problems experienced by this patient population during antiretroviral therapy, the effectiveness of a palliative care approach ... -
PedVacc 002: A phase I/II randomized clinical trial of MVA.HIVA vaccine administered to infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive mothers in Nairobi
(University of Nairobi, 2014-10)Background A safe, effective vaccine for breastfeeding infants born to HIV-1-positive mothers could complement antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. To date, only a few ... -
Urinary cytokines in Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren from Tana Delta District of Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background Pathological changes due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium include cytokine-mediated urinary tract inflammation. The involved cytokines may be excreted in urine and their presence in urine may therefore ...