Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2381-2400 of 10387
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Diabetic nephropathy: risk factors, mechanisms and management strategies in sub-Saharan Africa: a review
(University of Nairobi, 2006) -
Rheumatic disorders in Kenya: spectrum of disease
(University of Nairobi, 2004) -
Differential effects of exposure to social violence and natural disaster on children's mental health.
(University of Nairobi, 2013)Disaster mental health, particularly postdisaster child mental health, is neglected in India. This study compares the impact of a natural disaster versus a spate of communal riots that occurred in Gujarat, India on January ... -
Establishing hospital-based trauma registry systems: lessons from Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2013-12)OBJECTIVE: In the developing world, data about the burden of injury, injury outcomes, and complications of care are limited. Hospital-based trauma registries are a data source that can help define this burden. Under the ... -
High Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-1 Exposed Kenyan Infants
(University of Nairobi, 2013-12-30)BACKGROUND:: Infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers may have increased risk for tuberculosis (TB), but the prevalence of TB infection in this population is undefined. In contrast to tuberculin skin tests that are ... -
Efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among high-risk heterosexuals: subgroup analyses from a randomized trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2013-08)BACKGROUND: Daily oral antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy for prevention of HIV-1 acquisition. Three clinical trials demonstrated PrEP efficacy; however, two PrEP trials among women ... -
A multifaceted intervention to reduce rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in a resource-limited setting.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01)BACKGROUND: Health care-associated infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are prevalent in resource-limited settings. This study was carried out to determine whether a multifaceted ... -
Traumatic near amputation secondary to hippopotamus attack: lessons for surgeons.
(University of Nairobi, 2013-11)A 34-y-old man presented to Naivasha District Hospital (NDH) in Naivasha Town, Kenya, with near-complete below-knee amputation and hemorrhage after a hippopotamus attack. Residents from the University of Washington (UW), ... -
Systemic Cytokine Levels Show Limited Correlation with Risk of HIV-1 Acquisition.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01)It has been hypothesized that immune activation and inflammation may increase HIV-1 susceptibility and that cytokines may be useful biomarkers for risk. Within a prospective cohort, we conducted a nested case-control ... -
HIV-1 subtype C is not associated with higher risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission: a multinational study among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01)BACKGROUND: HIV-1 subtype C has emerged as the most prevalent strain of HIV-1 worldwide, leading to speculation that subtype C may be more transmissible than other subtypes. We compared the risk of HIV-1 transmission ... -
A prospective study of the effect of pregnancy on CD4 counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected women.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02)BACKGROUND: In HIV-1-infected women, CD4 count declines occur during pregnancy, which has been attributed to hemodilution. However, for women who have not initiated antiretroviral therapy, it is unclear if CD4 declines ... -
Unreported antiretroviral use by HIV-1-infected participants enrolling in a prospective research study.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02) -
Antioxidant potential of a polyherbal antimalarial as an indicator of its therapeutic value.
(University of Nairobi, 2013)Nefang is a polyherbal product composed of Mangifera indica (bark and leaf), Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus sinensis, and Ocimum gratissimum (leaves), used for the treatment of malaria. Compounds ... -
Variants in host viral replication cycle genes are associated with heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition in Africans.
(2014-01-23)OBJECTIVE:: We evaluated genetic variants in 51 candidate genes encoding proteins that interact with HIV-1 during the virus life cycle for association with HIV-1 outcomes in an African cohort. METHODS:: Using a ... -
Developing Clinical Strength-of-Evidence Approach to Define HIV-Associated Malignancies for Cancer Registration in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01-23)BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa cancer registries are beset by an increasing cancer burden further exacerbated by the AIDS epidemic where there are limited capabilities for cancer-AIDS match co-registration. We undertook ... -
Cross-species and tissue variations in cyanide detoxification rates in rodents and non-human primates on protein-restricted diet.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02)We sought to elucidate the impact of diet, cyanide or cyanate exposure on mammalian cyanide detoxification capabilities (CDC). Male rats (∼8weeks old) (N=52) on 75% sulfur amino acid (SAA)-deficient diet were treated with ... -
A Pilot Comparison of Standardized Online Surgical Curricula for Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02-12)IMPORTANCE Surgical conditions are an important component of global disease burden, due in part to critical shortages of adequately trained surgical providers in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES To assess the ... -
The political origins of health inequity: the perspective of the Youth Commission on Global Governance for Health.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02-15) -
Acute HIV-1 infection is as common as malaria in young febrile adults seeking care in coastal Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)BACKGROUND:: Febrile adults are usually not tested for acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) in Africa. We assessed a strategy to diagnose AHI among young adult patients seeking care. METHODS:: Young adults (<30 years) who ... -
Venomous snake bite injuries at Kitui District Hospital
(University of Nairobi, 2013)Background Snake bites are a neglected public health issue in poor rural communities, and the true burden of snake bites is not known. Kitui County has a high incidence of snake bites and no functional snake bite control ...