Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 821-840 of 10382
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Health promotion at the workplace setting: a protocol for a systematic review of effectiveness and sustainability of current practice in low-income and middle-income countries.
(University of Nairobi, 2019)INTRODUCTION: Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a growing disease burden due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Changing behavioural practices, such as diets high in saturated fat, salt ... -
First-in-Human Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Intranasally Administered Replication-Competent Sendai Virus-Vectored HIV Type 1 Gag Vaccine: Induction of Potent T-Cell or Antibody Responses in Prime-Boost Regimens.
(2017-01-01)We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity assessment of a prototype intranasally administered, replication-competent Sendai virus (SeV)-vectored, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. METHO ... -
Differences in acute retroviral syndrome by HIV-1 subtype in a multicentre cohort study in Africa.
(BMC, 2017-11)Symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) may be used to identify patients with acute HIV-1 infection who seek care. ARS symptoms in African adults differ by region. We assessed whether reporting of ARS was associated ... -
Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in Kenyan and US Women.
(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-08)Little is known about the natural history of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection in women. We retrospectively tested archived vaginal fluid samples to assess MG prevalence, incidence, persistence, recurrence and antimicrobial ... -
Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa.
(PLoS, 2018-04-03)OBJECTIVE: Prompt identification of newly HIV-infected persons, particularly those who are most at risk of extended high viremia (EHV), allows important clinical and transmission prevention benefits. We sought to determine ... -
Global Distribution of Human Protoparvoviruses
(BMC, 2018-07-07)Development of next-generation sequencing and metagenomics has revolutionized detection of novel viruses. Among these viruses are 3 human protoparvoviruses: bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. These viruses have been ... -
Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine Boosts Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Specific Humoral Responses Systemically and at the Cervicovaginal Mucosa of Kenyan VZV-Seropositive Women.
(Oxford Academic, 2018-09-08)BACKGROUND: Attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a promising vector for recombinant vaccines. Because human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) vaccines are believed to require mucosal immunogenicity, we characterized mucosal ... -
Reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial and its translation to actual participation among healthy adults-Experience from Kenya.
(PLoS, 2018-11-02)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate initial reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine clinical trial and actual participation of volunteers in a longitudinal observational study. METHODS: We recruited HIV ... -
Impact of Standard Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment on the Genital Microbiota, Immune Milieu, and Ex Vivo Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility.
(Oxford Academic, 2018-09-12)BACKGROUND: Genital immunology is a key determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility. Both factors are modulated by bacterial vaginosis (BV) and, to some extent, by Lactobacillus iners, the genital ... -
Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine does not induce HIV target cell activation.
(BMC, 2019-02-01)BACKGROUND: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is under consideration as a promising recombinant viral vector to deliver foreign antigens including HIV. However, new vectors have come under increased scrutiny, since trials with ... -
Association between vaginal washing and vaginal bacterial concentrations.
(PLoS, 2019-01-24)Vaginal washing is a common practice associated with adverse outcomes including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HIV infection. Prior studies have not examined the associations between vaginal washing and individual vaginal ... -
Safety and Immunogenicity of a 2-Dose Heterologous Vaccine Regimen With Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccines: 12-Month Data From a Phase 1 Randomized Clinical Trial in Nairobi, Kenya.
(Oxford Academic, 2019-06-05)BACKGROUND: During the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, Ebola vaccine development was accelerated. The phase 1 VAC52150EBL1003 study was performed to investigate 2-dose heterologous vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV and ... -
Validation of urinary sphingolipid metabolites as biomarker of effect for fumonisins exposure in Kenyan children.
(Francis & Taylor, 2019-06)Fumonisins (FNs), a group of mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium species, are ubiquitous food contaminants, especially for maize. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) caused severe toxicities in farm animals, induced kidney and liver ... -
HIV-1 viral control varies by viral subtype in a large cohort of African adults with incident HIV-1 infection.
(Oxford Academic, 2019-04-02)Few HIV-infected persons can maintain low viral levels without therapeutic intervention. We evaluate predictors of spontaneous viral control in a prospective cohort of African adults shortly after HIV infection. Viral ... -
The effects of aflatoxin exposure on Hepatitis B-vaccine induced immunity in Kenyan children.
(Elsevier, 2019-05)BACKGROUND: Globally, approximately three million children die each year from vaccine preventable infectious diseases mainly in developing countries. Despite the success of the expanded immunization program, not all infants ... -
The effects of exposures to mycotoxins on immunity in children: A systematic review.
(Elsevier, 2019-05)The majority of childhood deaths occur in low-income countries, with vaccine-preventable infections contributing greatly. Of the many possible environmental factors that could hamper a child's immune response, mycotoxins ... -
Dental age estimation in a group of Kenyan children using Willems' method: a radiographic study.
(Taylor and Francis, 2017-11-07)BACKGROUND: Radiographic study of developing teeth provides a reliable indication of chronological age. In Kenya, dentists are often required to estimate age. However, there is a paucity of publications on the performance ... -
Determinants of Health Seeking Behavior among Caregivers of Infants Admitted with Acute Childhood Illnesses at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
(2018-12-16)BACKGROUND: Poor, delayed, or inappropriate health seeking for a sick infant with acute childhood illness is associated with high morbidity/mortality. Delay in health seeking is implicated with fatal complications and ... -
Association of lifestyle modification and pharmacological adherence on blood pressure control among patients with hypertension at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
(BMJ, 2019-01-17)OBJECTIVE: Association of lifestyle modification and pharmacological adherence among patients with hypertension attending a national referral hospital in Kenya. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional. SETTING: Medical ... -
Noncommunicable disease burden among HIV patients in care: a national retrospective longitudinal analysis of HIV-treatment outcomes in Kenya, 2003-2013.
(BMC, 2019-04-03)Over the last decade, the Kenyan HIV treatment program has grown exponentially, with improved survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In the same period, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become a leading contributor ...