Larviciding potency of water and ethanol extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’ Herit) on Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Date
2015Author
Yugi, J O
Okeyo-Owuor, J B
Auma, C A
Juma, J I
Kogogo, P W
Vulule, J M
Language
enMetadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Introduction: Plant extracts are an attractive target for search of effective malaria vector control agents. The reason for this
is that they present a cost effective, target specific and bio-degradable insecticides. The other reason is that they posses varied
phytochemical contents that vectors are unlikely to develop resistance to very soon. In this study, we report on effectiveness of
ethanol and water extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’ Herit) against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Methods:
Crude ethanol and water extracts of leaves (shoot and midsection) and mature green fruits of P. dodecandra were scrutinized for
larvicidal activity against 1st to 4th instar larvae of An. gambiae. Larvicidal bioassays were conducted and effectiveness evaluated
using the >80% as per the WHO methods and threshold respectively. ANOVA analyses were performed for statistical justifications of
the larvicidal property with P considered significant at p < 0.05. The effects of the extracts were evaluated under laboratory
conditions. Result: Ethanol extracts were more potent than water extracts of P. dodecandra as larvicide. The highest mortality (56%)
was recorded for L4s for ethanol extracts of mature green fruits of Endod sourced from Eldoret. Water extracts of Neem leaves killed
31% L3s while deltamethrin killed over 80% of all exposed larvae. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts P. dodecandra killed more of the
exposed An. gambiae larvae than water extracts. Recorded mortalities due to exposure to the extracts were less than the WHO
threshold of >80%. We recommend that additional refinement and tests need to be done before commercial exploitation as a malaria
vector larvicide
Citation
Yugi, J. O., Okeyo-Owuor, J. B., Auma, C. A., Juma, J. I., Kogogo, P. W., & Vulule, J. M. (2015). Larviciding potency of water and ethanol extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’Herit) on Anopheles gambiae. Journal of Mosquito Research, 5.Publisher
University of Nairobi
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- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) [10385]