THE CAUSES OF URBAN POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ITS ALLEVIATION IN KENYA; A CASE STUDY OF KAWANGWARE SLUM, NAIROBI. (2005-2011)

Abstract

World Bank development indicators 2008 states that the share of the World’s private consumption in 2005 has the World’s richest 20% consuming 76.6% where as the world’s poorest 20% consume 1.5% implying poverty is the greatest challenge faced by mankind. For decades’ countries are still trying to combat poverty and find a permanent solution however its causes and mechanisms to permanently resolve it remains a challenge. The study uses a descriptive survey research in establishing the role of NGOs in urban poverty alleviation. Primary data from questionnaires, personal interviews and secondary data enables to generate information from the poor and five NGOs in Kawangware slum. Primary data allows navigation of bias that may be there with secondary data in finding the causes of urban poverty and the role of NGOs. Theoretical framework of the vicious cycle of poverty explains the causes of urban poverty and its continuity from generation to generation. One fundamental way by which poverty can be alleviated is through the vehicle of Non-^Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs utilize strategies such as provision of education, trainings and technical skills, provision of health, motivation through reference groups which promotes rebuilding social cohesion and promotion of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that encourage economic growth of the urban poor. Policy implications for NGOs include; strengthening local institutions and building linkages with development agencies at higher levels in urban areas. Scaling up program intervention by working together and avoiding duplication/overlapping of activities. Engaging in policy advocacy for the poor. Finally establishing exit strategies in terms of funds and exit strategies for the beneficiaries and the founder/brainchild of the program to ensure effective continuity of things.