Willingness to Donate Eyes and Its Associated Factors Among Adults in a Community in Kenya

Abstract

Introduction: Corneal diseases are a significant cause of blindness and visual impairment in less developed countries. Advanced disease is managed by corneal transplantation. In Kenya, despite having an eye-bank, donation is very low. Objective: To assess the knowledge, willingness and barriers to corneal donation. Design: Cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative components. Study site: Kiambiu slum in Nairobi and Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Methods: Adult residents were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted using interview guides with the help of a trained research assistant. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and summarised using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was analysed by thematic analysis using Atlas.ti software and reported as per-verbatim quotes.Triangulation was used to ensure trustworthiness of data collected. Results: In this study, 106 adults of median age 32.7±11.7 years participated. They consisted of 61(59.4%) females and 45(42.5%)males; the dominant ethnic groups were Luo, 40(37.7%) and Luhya, 34(32.1%). Only 23.6% were aware of eye donation and 37.7% were willing to donate corneas.The main reasons for unwillingness to donate own corneas were the need to be buried with an intact body (51.6%) and refusal by family members (16.1%). The main reason for unwillingness to donate next of kin’s cornea was objection by family members, 12(38.7%). Village elders play a crucial role when it comes to decision-making in the family concerning harvesting of corneas. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and willingness to donate corneas was low. Awarenesscreation programs should involve family members and village elders when pledging and harvesting corneas.