Criminal Gangs and Their Socio-economic Effects on Micro and Small Enterprises (Mses) in Kenya: a Case of Mungiki Gang in Kirinyaga County, Central Kenya

Abstract

Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) sector plays a major role towards economic development of Kenya. However, despite the vast research related to this sector, little has been done to evaluate how activities of organized criminal gangs impact on its growth. This study aims to establish how Mungiki’s criminal activities in Kirinyaga County has affected Micro and Small Enterprises. The researcher uses several theories to discuss the origin of Mungiki as an organized criminal gang. These theories help to explain the factors and conditions that compel people to join the outlawed sect. A key theory used in this study is fluid theory of militias by Gani Yorom. It attributes emergence of criminal groups to an unattended socio-economic conditions of an area or country. The researcher applied stratified and purposive sampling to come up with a sample for study. Primary data was obtained from respondents by use of questionnaires and notes taken during interviews conducted among key informants. The data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables, graphs, pie-charts, narratives and discussions. Secondary data was obtained from books, articles in journals, newspaper extracts, and internet sources. An analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data was done. Findings from the study showed that the local socio-economic and political environment is to blame for the emergence, growth and spread of Mungiki in the area. The study further revealed that Mungiki was engaged in activities that had serious negative implications on enterprise development in the county. It also showed that the local population together with state agencies such as police and judiciary haven’t been able to combat Mungiki criminal activities in the area. The study also established various measures taken by enterprise owners and other agencies in dealing to Mungiki menace. Finaly, the study recommends adoption of preventive, interventional and suppressive measures to combat Mungiki and other criminal gangs that negatively affect MSEs.