Protracted Conflicts In Mineral-Rich African States: A Case Study Of DRC

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the nexus between the protracted conflicts and mineral resources in the mineral-rich African states. The focus of this research is Democratic Republic of Congo as the case study. The research seeks to unveil the extent to which the presence of mineral resources has contributed to the conflicts in DRC. The research investigates how the mineral resources of DRC have been contributed to the chaos particularly in the Eastern region yet mineral resources are a source of prosperity and economic development. On a broader perspective, it is expected that a country with rich and valuable mineral resources to be economically, politically and socially stable, but it has been different for DRC. The study uses the social conflict theory. This theory states that the members of a society, whether as a group or individuals, are inclined to interacting through conflicts rather than a consensus. This theory is evident in the case of protracted conflicts being experienced in DRC whereby the mineral resources have intensified struggle for control of mines, retention of power and wealth. The inequitable distribution of resources as well as competition for the limited resources perpetuates violence and the dominant group takes control. According to this theory the members of a society who are divided by their conflicting interests align themselves to the side that promises to protect interests. The study affirmed two of its hypotheses that are abundance of mineral resources as the central actor of the protracted conflicts and that protracted conflicts in DRC have contributed to poor economic growth and decline in social development. Throughout the study, the researcher has sought to expound on how the abundance of the mineral resources have negatively affected the country by propagating unending conflicts. This research found that the conflicts emerged with political instability that was characterized by a dictatorial regime, mismanagement of resources, poor governance, widespread corruption and unaccountability at public institutions. Also, the research found that the involvement of the neighboring countries have had a far-reaching effects on DRC. The invasions that started by Rwanda and Uganda whose intentions was to pursue Hutu militants, future potential threat, and overthrowing of President Mobutu threw things out of proportion due to the two Congo wars. From that incident, one event led to another as discussed in detail within this study and had negatively impacted DRC as the tussle for power increased and different rebel groups have mushroomed in the Eastern Congo. The recommendations for this study to the protracted conflicts in the mineral-rich in DRC are revolves around peace building process than can lay down foundation for development. For stability to be attained there is a need for implementation of peaceful accord by the parties to avoid escalating the wars through deployment of soldiers to stamp out the rebel groups. Since the resources being exploited are used to fund the illegal activities of the rebel movements, the government should establish measures of controlling smuggling and take control over the mines. The government should also advocate for regional economic integration which abides by the laws of all the members of the Great Lakes Region. By providing initiatives to revive trade and interaction beyond the borders under strict legal guidelines, it will reduce the increased illegal trade. The government should engage all the stakeholders in the negotiations for peace such as the religious leaders, leaders of armed groups, civil society and community organization