| dc.description.abstract | Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that is growing in the world with a high prevalence and shocking rate particularly in countries with low and middle income. The disease is directly associated with nutrition and the type of diet consumed. Dietary management of the disease has been shown to reduce the incidence of diabetes. This study was designed to develop an antidiabetic supplement from low cost and easily accessible food ingredients for dietary management of type II diabetes. The food supplement formulation contains three main ingredients including Drumsticks leaves (Moringa oleifera), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and Garlic (Allium sativum). Nutrisurvey software was used for linear programming in order to formulate and determine the high nutritional quality and low calorie levels of the supplements. The formulated supplements were analyzed for chemical composition and nutritional quality using standard methods. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, were determined using -amylase and -glucosidase inhibition activity and DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Sensory analysis was conducted using 12 panelists to evaluate the product’s characteristics and acceptability for color, flavor, odor and overall appearance. The developed supplements were also analyzed for stability using accelerated shelf life studies for 6 months. The final cost of products was calculated in Ksh/grams. Data collected was analyzed statistically using SPSS software. Results showed that the supplements had high nutritional quality and low calorie content providing 14 to 16% RDA in 100g, low sodium from 6 to 9%, 29 to 42% protein, about 12% carbohydrate, 9 to 13% fat, 31% dietary fiber. At the same time, they were rich sources of vitamins such as 189 to 300% Vitamin A, 113 to 185% Vitamin B1, 300% Vitamin B2, 69 to 109% total folic acid and 90 to 139% Vitamin C. Meanwhile, all supplements had acceptable levels of minerals such as potassium 28 to 38%, calcium 121 to 162%, magnesium 74 to 111%,
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phosphorous 28 to 37%, iron 161 to 270% and zinc 19 to 30% according to RDA for target groups. The methanolic extracts of supplements showed 95 to 99% -amylase inhibitory activity with the highest percentage of 99% in supplement no.3 (70% drumstick leaves, 25% garlic and 25% cinnamon). Supplements showed 15 to 29% -glucosidase inhibitory activity with no.3 exhibiting 29% as the highest activity. The antioxidant activity of the supplements ranged from 66 to 81% in different concentration and supplement no.2 (80% drumstick leaves, 10% garlic and 10% cinnamon) was the highest antioxidant with 81% scavenging activity in 30μg/ml concentration. In ethanolic extracts, the alpha-amylase inhibition activity results ranged between 45 to 54% and supplements no.1 (90% drumstick leaves, 5% cinnamon and 5% garlic) with 54% inhibition showed the highest activity. Supplement no.4 (50% drumstick leaves, 25% cinnamon and 25% garlic) with 48% enzyme inhibitory activity showed the highest result while the range was between 36 to 48%. Antioxidant activity percentage of supplements was ranged between 58 to 67% in different concentrations and supplement no.3 (70% drumstick leaves, 15% cinnamon and 15% garlic) in 20μg/ml with 67% activity indicated the highest radical scavenging activity. The sensory evaluation findings indicated that the most accepted supplement was no.1 (90% drumstick leaves, 5% cinnamon and 5% garlic). The supplement was stable for 12 months according to the shelf life studies. The cost analysis showed that the most cost-effective supplement powder is no.4 (50% drumstick leaves, 25% cinnamon and 25% garlic can be sold at 142Ksh/100g. These food supplements are low calorie and natural. They are available locally and affordable for middle and low income diabetic patients. At the same time, the easy usage of the indigenous powder as a functional food can play an effective roll to improve the life quality and nutritional status of diabetic patients. Additionally, they are highly antioxidant and antidiabetic with great health benefits. | en_US |
