Climate variability adaptation using fodder crops: a case study of Marakwet East Sub -county, Elgeyo – Marakwet County

Abstract

This study was done to assess climate variability adaptation by farmers using fodder crops in arid and semi - arid lands of Marakwet East Sub - County. This study sought answers to the following research questions; what are the causes and effects of climate variability in Marakwet East Sub –County? What is the influence of rainfall variability on fodder production and livestock keeping? What are drought frequencies in Marakwet East sub-county? What are the main socio-economic factors that affect fodder production? The overall objective of the study is to assess climate variability adaptation using fodder crops in the dry lands of Marakwet East sub-county. The specific objectives were: To establish causes and effects of climate variability; To determine the influence of rainfall on fodder production and livestock keeping; To establish drought frequencies in Marakwet East sub-county; and To establish the main socio-economic factors that affect fodder production. This study was guided by resilience theory. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Tools used included questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. The sample size was 100 households that were given questionnaires to answer them. The study employed both inferential and descriptive statistical techniques in data analysis. Qualitative data was presented using graphs and tables while inferential or quantitative techniques involved correlation analysis that assessed the relationship between climatic variables and livestock production. The results indicated that most households understood climate variability as reduction in rainfall, changing in rainfall patterns and increased temperatures. From the key informants, the respondents indicated that they had experienced prolonged droughts, shortage of rainfall and reduced river flows as some streams had dried up. This hastened drying up of pasture hence increased number of livestock deaths. Limited pasture and water supply had also increased conflict along the borders of the sub – county and its neighbouring sub – counties. Due to climate variability, the community devised their own traditional ways which they believed that it was helping them cope with variability. For instance, farmers sold their livestock during drought season to reduce pasture competition, planted drought resistant crops, changed planting seasons, improved fodder production and practised culling.