Evaluation of the Impact of Multi −agency Counter Terrorism Strategy on Youth Radicalization in Kenya- a Case of Mombasa County

Abstract

One of the challenges of tackling violent radicalization lies in the elusiveness of the concept. The possible motivation, ideas and other factors that drive an individual towards violent radicalization can be diverse and complex. Further, no single factor can be sufficient to explain violent radicalization nor is there a single profile of individuals that have become radicalized. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of multi-agency counter terrorism strategy on youth radicalization in Kenya with specific reference to Mombasa County. Specifically, it sought to: establish the extent of and modes operands of recruitment of youth radicalization in coast; to establish the multi-agency strategies for de radicalization of the youth in coast and analyze the impact of multi-agency counter terrorism strategies of youth radicalization in coast. In understanding the causes that motivates individuals into terrorism, the study is guided by the theory of relative deprivation proposed by Gurr. Gurr explains that instead of an absolute standard of deprivation, a gap between expected and achieved welfare creates collective discontent. This theory also applies to individuals who find their own welfare to be inferior to that of others to whom they compare themselves. The study is a qualitative study. This study focused on the youth who live in Mombasa County which is prone to radicalization. The study focused on the areas and persons living in Majengo, Nyali, Kisauni and Jomvu where radicalization has been reported. Both secondary and primary data were collected in this study. Secondary data from the previous studies on the area of study was considered. The interviews were conducted using pretested interview guides that were administered to those that have/had been radicalized, parents, preachers (Imams), local administrators and intelligence /anti-terrorism operatives. Since data qualitative it was analyzed using content analysis method and presented in prose form according to the study objectives. It was noted that various counter violent extremism and terrorism strategies had been applied globally, regionally and in Kenya to fight radicalization; violent extremism and terrorism. The strategies included Military strategy, Police and Intelligence Assets, and Legislative and financial controls. Regional bodies have been of help as a strategy in fighting terrorism in Kenya. The role of international organizations like the United Nations, European Union, African union, civil societies and IGAD was noted and their impact widely felt. The study concludes that in order to overcome radicalization in the coast of Kenya and elsewhere the state ought to have a comprehensive policy framework for youth empowerment that should go beyond peripheral job creation and entrepreneurship promotion to address root causes of youth alienation and disenchantment with the state and society. The youth need to be made to feel as useful and appreciated members of the Kenyan state if they are to be shielded from the ramifications of radicalization. It is recommended that local agencies be provided with awareness-raising training and education material. The study recommends the involvement of a wide range of organizations. The study also recommends the involvement of the communities. All actors should do evaluation and follow up.