Promoting Peace and Security in Africa: the Role of Ngos a Case Study of Somalia

Abstract

Promoting peace and security in conflict states in Africa has attracted many actors and stakeholders in the process. Initially the idea was that states are the only actors in peace and security, however other actors have emerged and are making significant contributions in the sector. This research is focused on the role NGOs play in promoting peace and security in Somalia, the strategies used, the challenges and opportunities encountered in the promotion of peace and conflict in Somalia. Over the years the topic of peace and security has been viewed as that between states, however this research focus on the individual security and general wellbeing while applying the human security theory. This research used both primary and secondary sources to gather information. The secondary data collected gave information on traditional strategies used by non-state actors. Primary information was obtained through the use of questionnaires and Key Informants Interviews from 4 districts in Somalia targeting TVET trained youth and leaders respectively. The research sought to find out how the human centered approaches have contributed to peace and security in Somalia. Data was collected using the ODK tool and analyzed through SPSS. This study found out that the root causes of conflict by youth joining the militia group are lack of skills that can translate to economic gains, poverty and illiteracy. Over 60% of interviewees did not have any form of education other than madrassa. Activities being implemented to promote peace and security and were rated as effective by respondents include disarmament and reintegration, impacting knowledge and skills through TVET, peace advocacy, sports and culture. The research identified inadequate funding, inaccessibility and sustainability as challenges peace and security programs encounter while youth leadership, community led peace process, TVET training as some of the opportunities to further peace and security. In conclusion, human centered approaches are more effective in promoting peace and security.