Effects of Ethnic Conflict on Economic Development of Eastern Africa: Case Study of Kenya South Rift, 1992 – 2013

Abstract

This study sought to find out the effects of ethnic conflict on economic development of Kenya: case study of South Rift. The study objectives were to analyze the effects of the ethnic conflict on economic activities, livelihoods (seen in terms of the household poverty, employment opportunities and the provision of social services such as education and health) as well as to explore peace building and reconciliation strategies that can be adopted to ensure inter-ethnic harmony. The study adopted descriptive survey design with focus on qualitative analysis. The population of this study includes the residents of South Rift region among them teachers, parents, leaders and other stake-holders. Using sample data, 40 respondents were interviewed. The study used both primary and secondary data through an interview guide. The interview questionnaire was administered and incorporated both open and close ended questions. Secondary data was also used mainly involving analysis of data and information for scholarly publications, journals, newsletters, government reports, internet, UNHCR Reports, periodicals and newspapers with a focus on qualitative and content analysis. The study findings revealed that land, poverty, fear, competition during election and widespread possession of illegal arms are the main causative factors of ethnic conflict in South Rift. The study also observed effects of ethnic conflict on education and the livelihood of the people. Among the strategies adopted to promote peace include reconciliation, restitution, creation of job opportunities and mediation. The study recommends that for the government to resolve land issues it is important to formulate policies that enforce education and ensure diversification of economic activities.