An Assessment of the Opportunities and Constraints of Urban Agriculture in Cheptais Town, Bungoma County, Kenya

Abstract

This research study was undertaken in order to assess the opportunities and constraints of sustainable urban agriculture in Cheptais town, Bungoma County. The objectives included; (1) to examine the type and purpose of urban agriculture; (2) to assess the opportunities for urban agriculture; and (3) to establish the constraints facing urban agriculture. The data for the research was collected using a survey questionnaire and direct field observations. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data and the study results were based on data generated from a sample of 152 urban farmers in Cheptais town. The sample design used to identify the 152 urban farmers was simple random sampling design. The study revealed that urban agriculture is being practiced widely but carried out on a small scale due to the limited space available. Out of the 152 urban farmers surveyed, 83 practiced crop cultivation only, 55 indulged in mixed farming, while 14 took on animal husbandry only. This has encouraged urban farmers to diversify the crops they grow, moving away from the once-popular maize and coffee options. Those with livestock and poultry have also adapted to keeping manageable numbers and avoid overcrowding. About 82% of urban farmer’s households surveyed confirmed that they were dependent on urban agriculture for their food source while about 71% indicated that it was a major contributor to their household income. This indicated that the urban farmers were keen on ensuring that the portions of land dedicated to the practice are used sustainably in order to allow for the successful continuation of yield production. There was also a large preference for produce from urban agriculture, as stated by over 90% of the urban farmers surveyed. This was because it was considered fresh, readily available, and affordable for both farmers and non-farmer consumers. The study concluded that urban agriculture does form an important part of the economic, social and environmental web of Cheptais town. Many of the inhabitants depend on it for economic sustenance, it provides a space to make social connections through trade and more urban farmers are working to ensure their activities do not cause a negative ecological impact. This study recommends additional capacity and support for female and youth farmers allowing them to make contributions towards the growth and development of Chaptais town. It also recommends the creation of opportunities and spaces that promote knowledge sharing on urban agriculture as well as making available information on crop and animal diversity to help promote healthy living and environmental health.