Determine Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Mogadishu

Abstract

Cancer is a sickness that a ects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and cultures in the same way. Cancer will make treatment less likely to succeed for the remission of the patients and decrease survival chances if it is not diagnosed and treated promptly. The goal of the research was to determine or look at risk factors of breast cancer in Mogadishu, Somalia regarding females only as well as evaluating the breast cancer prevalence. For the years February 2015 up to March 2020, secondary data was collected from the Osman hospital in Mogadishu, but we generalized the data from the whole country because the hospitals that can deal with breast cancerwere located in Mogadishu, Somalia. Descriptive statistics were calculated in the form of graphs and tables copied from R studio or excel platforms to search for risk factors of breast cancer. The time from diagnosis of breast cancer to death of the female patient is represented by a time to event variable. The survival rate of breast cancer patients was calculated using survival methodological approaches including the Kaplan-Meier method (Kaplan-Meier is a common method for dealing with this problem since its re-estimates the survival probability each time an occurrence occurs), log-rank test (The log-rank test is a widely used method for determining if two or more independent groups have the same chance of survival or not) and cox proportional hazard model (Cox proportional hazards regression is one of the most widely used regression methods for survival analysis. It is used to link multiple risk factors or exposures, all of which are considered at the same time, to survival time). All risk factors from the data were found to be a strong predictor of breast cancer since theywere all statistically signi cant in the study. The Hazard Ratio will increase aswomen patients get older, but the Hazard Ratio will decrease for women patients who received chemotherapy. The best way to ght breast cancer is using chemotherapy. The Hazard Ratio will increase for obese women patients, so fat women have a higher risk than others for breast cancer. The study recommends that a greater focus on the breast cancer treatment passageway in Somalia and the creation of a Somalia National Cancer Registry in Mogadishu and other large towns in Somalia’s sub-counties. Keywords: Breast cancer, Kaplan Meier, Log rank and Cox Proportional Hazard