Assessing the Role of Non-military Approaches in Counterterrorism in the Horn of Africa: a Case Study of Kenya

Abstract

With a focus on evaluating the role of non-military approaches in counterterrorism in the Horn of Africa, the study specifically sought to examine the role of non-military approaches in counterterrorism in Kenya, to examine the efficacy of non-military approaches to counterterrorism in Kenya, and to explore the challenges and prospects of de-radicalization programs on counterterrorism in Kenya. The study's mixed-approaches methodology, which integrates qualitative and quantitative methods in a case study design, was used. To gather and arrange descriptive data, a qualitative technique was employed. This method was used to investigate qualitative variables that do not have traditional measurements, whereas quantitative techniques was utilized to enable the collection and management of numerical data that was used to measure changes, predict relationships, and characterize features. The majority of the data analysis was qualitative, with descriptive and narrative techniques primarily used. This entailed calculating specific indices and looking for patterns in data-group relationships. Through well-designed methods and methodologies, the data processing was validated. Excel sheet, NVivo, QDAS, and SPSS was used to aid data analysis in this research. To exhibit and evaluate quantitative data, the study utilized graphs, pie charts, and tables. The study established that non-military approaches of counterterrorism play a significant role in eliminating the menace of terrorism in Kenya. However, there exists a massive challenge of addressing the root causes of terrorism due to multiplicity of such factors. The potential of non-military approaches of counterterrorism in Kenya can be enhanced through cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the community in identifying those vulnerable to terrorism and strategically designing an action plan that addresses the underlying factors that fuel terrorism. The study noted that due to the multifaceted nature of drivers of terrorism, the non-military approach to counterterrorism in Kenya has no one-size-fits-all strategy hence the complexity in determining the effectiveness of these interlinked success factors. Generally, community participation has been found to be a key determinant factor influencing the effectiveness of non-military approaches to counterterrorism in the country. The perception of the public about the policies and projects initiated by the government to counter terrorism should be that which enhances cooperation and trust lest the initiated projects will obviously fail to meet their full potential. The legal framework established by the government of Kenya has effectively streamlined and shaped how domestic and transnational terrorisms are addressed in Kenya. Lastly, the study recommends that even though some actions would be considered vital to combat terrorism, they should be taken carefully and with monitoring clauses. Legislation and controls that include checks and balances should be implemented when needed. Because terrorism frequently thrives in areas where human rights are violated, it is even more important to take stronger action to stop these abuses. Therefore, legislation, which should be enacted and enforced to the utmost extent possible, must take into account that: fundamental rights are violated by terrorism itself and the fight against terrorism must always uphold international commitments to human rights.