Diversity in Mycotoxins and fungal species infecting wheat in Nakuru District, Kenya
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Date
2010Author
Wagacha, John Maina
Steiner, Ulrike
Dehne, Heinz-Wilhelm
Zuehlke, Sebastian
Spiteller, Michael
Muthomi, James
Oerke, Erich-Christian
Type
ArticleLanguage
enMetadata
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Mycotoxin contamination of wheat kernels and diversity of fungal pathogens were monitored in a survey of 26 fields in Nakuru district, Kenya, in 2006. Sampling was performed twice; at mid-anthesis in July for leaves, stems and spikelets and at harvest in September for spikelets and kernels. Kernels were analysed for the occurrence of 32 mycotoxins using a high performance liquid chromatography – electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method. Fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized tissues and differentiated morphologically to the genus level. Fusarium isolates were identified based on the sequence of translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene. Eleven Fusarium-related mycotoxins were quantified with deoxynivalenol being detected at highest frequency (69%) and highest concentrations. Occurrence of enniatins in wheat (50%) is reported for the first time in Kenya. Non-Fusarium mycotoxins detected included aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. Prevalence of Fusarium species on different wheat parts was 100% at both growth stages. Nineteen Fusarium species were identified with seven species –Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium boothi, Fusarium poae, Fusarium scirpi, Fusarium arthrosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum– accounting for 80% of infections. At anthesis, spikelets and leaves were the most and least susceptible tissue, respectively. At harvest, infection of spikelets was 59% higher than that of kernels.
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01653.x/abstract;jsessionid=27B8B48BB2C3D590F05D49AD4D5AAF63.d01t01?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=falsehttp://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30075