Assessment of rainwater retention in agricultural land and crop yield increase due to conservation tillage in Ewaso Ng’iro river basin, Kenya
Date
2006Author
Ngigi, Stephen N
Rockström, Johan
Savenije, Hubert HG
Type
ArticleLanguage
enMetadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Rainwater harvesting and management (RHM) systems are increasingly being recognized as one of the strategies of upgrading rainfed agriculture, especially by smallholder farmers in semi-arid environments. The need to increase crop yields has led to adoption and up-scaling of RHM systems such as conservation tillage and on-farm ponds for micro-irrigation. The paper focuses on conservation tillage, which refers to soil tillage practices that minimize soil manipulation, increase moisture storage and reduce soil and water loss. It aims at conserving rainwater in situ—where it falls within the root-zone. Increased soil moisture storage reduces runoff, which lead to reduction in catchment water yield, and may reduce river flows during the wet and dry seasons. Hence the need to estimate the amount of rainwater retained on croplands and related hydrological impacts. However, estimation of the amount of runoff—additional soil moisture—retained due to in situ RHM systems such as conservation tillage practices is not straightforward.
The paper presents an empirical approach based on the analysis of crop yield response to water. The result from empirical approach was compared with field data taken from croplands under traditional and conservation tillage systems in Laikipia district, Kenya. Additional soil moisture retained in the root-zone was reflected in increased maize biomass and grain yields. The empirical approach assumed other soil water balance components such as deep percolation, overall reduction in soil evaporation by conservation tillage over the cropping season and long-term change in soil moisture storage are negligible. The approach is simple compared to other methods based on costly and time consuming field instrumentation and measurements. Field measurements showed that conservation tillage could increase soil moisture storage by 18–50%. Empirical approach yielded values within the same range, i.e. 15–40%. Therefore, empirical approach can be used to estimate the amount of rainwater retained on croplands, and hence proportion of runoff reduced from agricultural catchments
URI
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706506001641http://hdl.handle.net/11295/42886
Citation
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C Volume 31, Issues 15–16, 2006, Pages 910–918Publisher
ScienceDirect Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), P.O. Box 2142, SE-10314 Stockholm, Sweden Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
Subject
Rainwater harvesting and managementConservation tillage
Runoff retention
Crop yield response to water