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Now showing items 31-40 of 70
Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial
(2008)
BACKGROUND:
Vaginal infections are common and have been associated with increased risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
METHODS:
We conducted a randomized trial of directly observed oral ...
A prospective study of risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in HIV-1-seronegative African women
(2008)
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is common and has been associated with increased HIV-1 susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for BV in African women at high risk for acquiring HIV-1.
We conducted ...
A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelines
(2006)
BACKGROUND:
Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding.
METHODS:
We evaluated genital HIV-1 ...
Higher set point plasma viral load and more-severe acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) illness predict mortality among high-risk HIV-1-infected African women
(2006)
BACKGROUND:
There is limited information on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, especially from individuals with well-defined dates of infection. We used data from a ...
Identification of modifiable factors that affect the genetic diversity of the transmitted HIV-1 population
(2004)
BACKGROUND:
Our previous studies have shown that the majority of African women were infected with multiple HIV-1 genetic variants, while in the remaining women only a single viral genotype was detected early in infection. ...
Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya
(2002)
Among HIV-1-infected individuals, vitamin A deficiency has been associated with faster disease progression and greater infectivity in observational studies, but randomized clinical trials have shown no effect of vitamin A ...
A prospective study of frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence among African heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples.
(2011)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common worldwide and is an important consideration in couples HIV voluntary counseling and testing (CVCT), especially for HIV-serodiscordant couples (i.e. in which only one member is ...
A prospective study of contraceptive use among African women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships.
(Univesity of Nairobi, 2010-10)
BACKGROUND:
Dual contraception is important for averting HIV-1 transmission, unintended pregnancy, and maternal-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Few studies have explored contraceptive use in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, ...
Genital HIV-1 RNA predicts risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission.
(Univesity of Nairobi, 2011-04)
High plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. Although plasma and genital HIV-1 RNA concentrations are correlated, no study has evaluated the relationship between genital ...
Contraceptive method and pregnancy incidence among women in HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships.
(2012)
Background: Effective contraception reduces unintended pregnancies and is a central strategy to reduce vertical HIV-1 transmission for HIV-1-infected women.
METHODS:
Among 2269 HIV-1-seropositive and 1085-seronegative ...