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Now showing items 21-30 of 42
A qualitative study of barriers to consistent condom use among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kenya.
(2012)
This study explored barriers to consistent condom use among heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples who were aware of the HIV-1 serodiscordant status and had been informed about condom use as a risk reduction strategy. ...
Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study.
(2012)
Hormonal contraceptives are used widely but their effects on HIV-1 risk are unclear. We aimed to assess the association between hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV-1 acquisition by women and HIV-1 transmission from ...
Partner characteristics predicting HIV-1 set point in sexually acquired HIV-1 among African seroconverters.
(2013)
Plasma HIV-1 RNA set point is an important predictor of HIV-1 disease progression. We hypothesized that inoculum size and HIV-1 exposure prior to HIV-1 transmission may modulate set point. We evaluated predictors of set ...
Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2.
(2010)
Most persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are also infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which is frequently reactivated and is associated with increased plasma and genital ...
Estimating the impact of plasma HIV-1 RNA reductions on heterosexual HIV-1 transmission risk.
(Univesity of Nairobi, 2010-09)
BACKGROUND:
The risk of sexual transmission of HIV-1 is strongly associated with the level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma making reduction in HIV-1 plasma levels an important target for HIV-1 prevention interventions. A ...
Immune response to hepatitis B virus vaccination among HIV-1 infected and uninfected adults in Kenya.
(2013)
In studies from high-income countries, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons have diminished responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, compared with HIV-1-uninfected persons, but data from ...
A prospective study of the effect of pregnancy on CD4 counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected women.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-02)
BACKGROUND:
In HIV-1-infected women, CD4 count declines occur during pregnancy, which has been attributed to hemodilution. However, for women who have not initiated antiretroviral therapy, it is unclear if CD4 declines ...
Efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among high-risk heterosexuals: subgroup analyses from a randomized trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2013-08)
BACKGROUND:
Daily oral antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy for prevention of HIV-1 acquisition. Three clinical trials demonstrated PrEP efficacy; however, two PrEP trials among women ...
Evaluation of the association between the concentrations of key vaginal bacteria and the increased risk of HIV acquisition in African women from five cohorts: a nested case-control study.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)
BACKGROUND:
Disruptions of vaginal microbiota might increase women's susceptibility to HIV infection. Advances in molecular microbiology have enabled detailed examination of associations between vaginal bacteria and HIV ...
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention does not diminish the pregnancy prevention effectiveness of hormonal contraception.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)
BACKGROUND:
For women at risk of HIV-1, effective contraception and effective HIV-1 prevention are global priorities.
METHODOLOGY:
In a clinical trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1 prevention in ...