dc.contributor.author | Hawken, M P | |
dc.contributor.author | Merne, H K | |
dc.contributor.author | Elliott, L C | |
dc.contributor.author | Chakaya, J M | |
dc.contributor.author | Morris, J S | |
dc.contributor.author | Githui, W A | |
dc.contributor.author | Juma, E S | |
dc.contributor.author | Odhiambo, J A | |
dc.contributor.author | Thiong'o, L N | |
dc.contributor.author | Kimari, J N | |
dc.contributor.author | Ngugi, Elizabeth N | |
dc.contributor.author | Bwayo, JJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Gilks, C F | |
dc.contributor.author | Plummer, F A | |
dc.contributor.author | Porter, J D | |
dc.contributor.author | NunN, P P | |
dc.contributor.author | McAdam, P W J | |
dc.contributor.author | Keith | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-02-26T15:03:20Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Vitalab 31, Vital Scientific N. l. The Netherlands | en |
dc.identifier.uri | http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11877 | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: Six months of daily isoniazid has been shown to be effective in preventing tuberculosis in the pre-HIV era. Because of underlying immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to new infection this efficacy cannot be assumed in HIV -infected individuals.
Methods.
In a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, 684 HIV -1 infected adults received either
isoniazid 300 mg daily for six months or placebo and were followed for a median of 1.8 years. The major outcomes of interest were the incidence of tuberculosis and mortality in the two
groups. .
Results.
Three hundred and forty-two subjects received isoniazid and 342 received placebo. The median
CD4lymphocyte count was 322 and 346 per cubic millimetre in the isoniazid and placebo groups
J
respectively. The total period of follow-up of subjects was 583 person-years of observation
(PYO) in the isoniazid group and 595 PYO in the placebo group. The incidence of tuberculosis in the isoniazid group was 4.29 per 100 PYO (95% CI 2.78-6.33) and 3.86 per 100PYO (95% CI 2.45-5.79) in the placebo group, which allowing for confounders gave an adjusted rate ratio for isoniazid versus placebo of 0.82 (95% CI 0.39-1.73). The adjusted rate ratio for isoniazid versus placebo for tuberculin skin test positive subjects was 0.54 (95% CI 0.17-1.74) and for the tuberculin skin test negative subjects, 1.10 (95% CI 0.42-2.91). The adjusted mortality rate ratio for isoniazid versus placebo for tuberculin skin test positive subjects was 0.21 (95% Cl 0.04- 1.06) and for tuberculin skin test negative subjects, 1.08 (95% CI 0.63-1.87). | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.subject | tuberculosis | en |
dc.subject | isoniazid preventive therapy | en |
dc.subject | isoniazid chemoprophylaxis | en |
dc.subject | HIV - L | en |
dc.subject | AIDS | en |
dc.title | Lack of efficacy of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in the preventions of tuberculosis in hiv - 1 infected adults | en |
dc.type | Article | en |
local.publisher | Department of Community Health, University of Nairobi | en |