Determining The Bio-psychosocial Outcomes Of Sexual Assault Among Survivors Seeking Care At Gender-based Violence Clinic Of Kenyatta National Hospital

Abstract

Background: Sexual assault (SV) is a common form of criminal violence worldwide that affects all levels in society. Globally, more than 15 million girls have faced forced sex at some point in their lives, with 2018 alone indicating more than 9 million women having been sexually victimized (Islam, 2017; Islam, 2015 UNFPA, 2018). In Kenya than 32% of the female population experienced sexual violence before 18years of age (Wangu Kanja foundation, 2016) and 18% of males facing the challenge (UNICEF, 2010). Sexual assault may result in could either be physical, psychological and/or social immediate and long-term outcomes. Many researchers have focused on the prevalence and prevention of sexual assault, while little attention has been given to the sexual assault outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to explore more on the psychosocial outcomes of sexual assault. Objective: The study sought to determine the biopsychosocial outcomes of sexual assault among survivors seeking care at gender-based clinic, Kenyatta National Hospital. Methodology: The study was done at GBV Clinic, Kenyatta National Hospital. Descriptive cross-sectional mixed method study design was adopted among 44 sexual assault respondents. Data was collected for a period of 8 weeks. Tools used were semi-structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Analysis: Quantitative data analysis was done through SPSS software using descriptive statistics. The qualitative in-depth interviews were analyzed with the help of NVIVO software following transcription. Coding was done then themes generated. P-value of ≤ 0.05 was significant. Quantitative data was presented using pie charts, frequency distribution tables, histograms, and line graphs. Qualitative data was done using narratives. Results: Majority of the respondents were 16-20yrs, female, single, students, knew their perpetrator, had been assaulted once, physical sexual assault and no use condom/ lubricant. Most of the respondents had developed vast biological, psychological and social outcomes. The study has highlighted the gaps in management and research gap on outcomes associated with sexual assault and its impact on the survivors. Recommendations: Mental health team and social support providers to have a follow up plan for the survivors, Policies and interventions be designed for long-term interventions and Strengthening of sexual violence prevention programs. Dissemination: Findings will be delivered to different entitled bodies, published in one of the international journals and presented during the annual general scientific conference. The study confirms the enormous biopsychosocial outcomes that sexual assault survivors encounter post sexual assault act The findings are of great significance to SA survivors, health care providers, policymakers, law enforcers, and all other additional partners involved in managing sexual assault and health-related issues