Indication and Outcome of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Catheter Drainage of Intra-abdominal Collections at Kenyatta National Hospital

Abstract

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided catheter drainage (PCD) is an effectual and commonly used interventional procedure to diagnose and treat patients with intra-abdominal collections. It is a standard minimal invasive and appropriate technique for critically ill patients with no other indications of surgery. It is a placement of a catheter using images to provide constant drainage of collections by use of a percutaneous access pathway. It entails localization of collection, placement and maintenance of a catheter which could either be an alone session or staged procedure in numerous sessions. It has a diagnostic role of sampling the collection using a catheter or a needle throughout a sole imaging session. Despite the procedure is effective and minimal invasive, it has complications of haemorrhage, septicemia, super infection and bowel perforation. Abscess and post-operative fluid collections are the main indications of percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage. Pre-procedural case workup and appropriate preventive measures reduce the risk of complications. There are no absolute contraindications of ultrasound-guided drainage of intraabdominal collections. Uncorrectable coagulopathy and the absence of a safe percutaneous access pathway are relative contraindications. Continuous observation of clinical status is given to the patients who underwent ultrasound-guided drainage procedures to determine the short and long outcomes of the technique. Locally, it’s accepted and is a safe and very valuable procedure for all patients with intra-abdominal collections. Aim The main aim of this study is to determine the indication and outcome of the percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage procedure of patients with intra-abdominal collections performed at Kenyatta National Hospital. Methodology Study design: Prospective cross-sectional descriptive study. Study site: Kenyatta National Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology Study duration: The study was carried out for a period of six months from March 2019 to June 2020. Study population: All patients in all age groups were referred for ultrasound-guided drainage of intra-abdominal collections. Ethical considerations: Approval for ethics and permission was obtained from the KNH-UON Ethics Review Board. Statistical analysis: Data was collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS program 24.0). Results were presented in a tabular and graphical format.