Determination of Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Hypertension Undergoing Treatment at Kenyatta National Hospital

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is the major conformable risk factors for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases. Validation for poor disease control include non-adherence, lack of patient engagement, and therapeutic inertia. Hypertension is a silent killer disease owing to the late recognition of symptoms, uncontrolled hypertension is the primary risk factor for stroke, heart failure and kidney failure in sub Saharan Africa therefore control of hypertension is associated with reduction in morbidity and mortality. Efforts to address the complications associated with hypertension are still a global concern. In sub Saharan Africa the epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases poses a great threat to most of the population. There is growing interest in monitoring patients remotely however there is little or no evidence to support the claims that this improves clinical outcomes. This study will help determine the current status of clinical outcomes in these patients and identify pointers that can help in meeting clinically recommended goals among hypertension disease management plans in Kenya. Objective: To determine factors affecting the clinical outcomes of patients with hypertensive disease at Kenyatta national hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, whereby medical records and questionnaires and semi-guided interviews of adult hypertensive patients was used to collect data on clinical outcomes of hypertensive patients and management of the patients. The study was carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital between duration of two months from august to October 2018.The study population consisted of adult patients with hypertension as the primary disease currently on treatment and follow up clinic at the hospital Systematic random sampling method was used to recruit a specific number of study participants each day depending on patient turn out. A sample of size of 101 respondents was used. Data collected was analyzed using Statistics and data statistical software package version 20.0 (STATA). Descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables and graphs was be used to present the collected data. Results: Ageing was associated with increased blood pressure. Most of the affected age group was (40-59) years and the least affected group by hypertension was below less 20%, no respondents was below the age of 20 years More females than males had a higher BMI, High waist circumference, high hip circumference and high waist to hip ratio (P > 0.005). More males reported that they drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. There is a significant association between high blood pressure reading and development of complications. Higher blood pressure was reported in smokers (67%) there was no significant association between high blood pressure and drinking alcohol. Few respondents (34%) reported to have at least done some physical exercises within the past 1 year. Intake of fatty foods was associated with complications among respondents Conclusion: This study showed there is an association between high systolic blood pressure and occurrence of hypertension complications. Smoking of tobacco, lack of exercise, poor feeding habits are associated risk factors in development of complications in hypertension. interventions should address these risk factors in management of hypertension