Factors Affecting the Building of Political Institutions in Post Conflict Societies: the Case of Somalia (2000 – 2017)

Abstract

This study assessed the factors affecting the building of political institutions in Somalia. It covered the period between 2000 and 2017. The study had the following objectives: to determine the influence of insecurity to the building of political institutions, to establish the role of clan-conflicts to the establishment of political institutions, to investigate the effects of corruption on the establishment of political institutions, and to examine the influence of political good-will on the establishment of political institutions. The study used historical institutionalism and rational choice theories in describing and explaining the findings. Moreover, the study used quantitative and qualitative research methods to collect data. The use of quantitative research methods allowed the responses to be measured numerically. Thus, it allowed generalizations to be made about the population. On the other hand, qualitative research methods let the study gain significant insights regarding the subject matter. Through qualitative research methods, respondents had the latitude to respond to the questions they were asked in an open-ended structure. The study applied a cross-sectional research design. In that regard, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected at a particular time. Put differently, respondents were engaged only once at the specific time frame. The study further utilized focus group discussions, surveys, and interviews as the major research instruments in collecting primary data. Respondents were engaged face-to-face, through telephone, and on internet platforms. Similarly, secondary data was also put to use. The study made several findings relevant to the research questions and objectives. They included but were not limited to insecurity in the Federal Republic of Somalia. Respondents indicated that insecurity arising from militia groups was, and still is, a significant setback in the efforts geared toward building political institutions. The study also found that intermittent clan-based conflicts affected the building of political institutions. Corruption and lack of transparency were also identified as challenges affecting the establishment of political institutions. The study recommended full implementation of the current Somali provisional constitution, particularly chapter 14, Article 126, which spells out clear measures for safeguarding the internal as well as the external security of the Federal Republic of Somalia. It also recommended forming and implementing affirmative policy programs to address clan-based conflicts from marginalized clans. The study further suggested civic education to the citizens to inform them of the relevance of building political institutions.