Prevalence PF PTSD, Depression and Anxiety Disorder Among Paramedics in Nairobi County.

Abstract

Introduction: During the past decade, there has been a significant rise in EMS missions and the availability of resources such as ambulances, with an increase of up to 64% and 12% respectively. These increased missions undertaken by paramedics have been linked to a higher prevalence of mental health issues, including PTSD and depression. Existing studies have highlighted that paramedics experience higher rates of mental health problems compared to other rescue workers and the general population. The prevalence rates of mental health conditions among paramedics are concerning. Existing studies have shown rates of 14.6% for PTSD, 15% for depression, 15% for anxiety, and 27% for general psychopathology. These figures indicate a significant burden of mental health challenges within the paramedic profession. Several factors contribute to these increased risks. Paramedics frequently encounter traumatic events, exposing them to repeated stressors that can accumulate over time. Additionally, challenging working conditions and unfavourable environments can further predispose paramedics to mental health difficulties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders among paramedics in Nairobi County. Method: The study used quantitative method and cross-sectional design. The data was collected among 39 paramedics who were aged 18 and above working at AMREF, AAR, and St. John’s Ambulance. The participants in each of the organizations were recruited using convenience sampling. The collection of data took place only after the acquisition of informed consent. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics of the paramedics. Paramedics underwent the administration of PCL-5, PHQ-9, and BAI assessments in order to assess the prevalence and severity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the study had the aim of investigating the connection between social demographic characteristics and the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders among paramedics. Data analysis: Then questionnaire was presented to participants as hard copies. On completion, the raw data was transformed into an excel spreadsheet after which it was uploaded into IBM SPSS version 26 software. Data was then cleansed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Participant characteristics were presented by use of frequencies and percentages for the categorical variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted using fishers exact test for categorical comparisons and nonparametric tests for continuous variables to identify any associations between the disorders and participants' characteristics. Prevalence of the mental health disorders were classified in a binary category based on literature-defined cut-offs of  10 for depression,  31 for PTSD and 22 for anxiety. The prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was presented in graphical and tabular formats. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05. Results: This study found a prevalence rates of 12.8% for PTSD, 17.9% for depression and 5.1% for anxiety disorders among the paramedics examined. The study has not revealed any significant differences in PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders with regards to sociodemographic characteristics Study utility: Addressing the mental well-being of paramedics is crucial. Efforts should focus on implementing strategies to mitigate the risks associated with their profession. Providing adequate support systems, including access to mental health services, debriefing sessions, and training programs, can help paramedics cope with the psychological impact of their work. In addition, promoting a supportive and positive work culture that emphasizes self-care and stress management is essential for reducing the prevalence of mental health challenges among paramedics