Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Author "MacDonald, KS"
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CD8(+) lymphocytes respond to different HIV epitopes in seronegative and infected subjects.
Kaul, R; Dong, T; Plummer, FA; Kimani, J; Rostron, T; Kiama, P; Njagi, E; Irungu, E; Farah, B; Oyugi, J; Chakraborty, R; MacDonald, KS; Bwayo, JJ; McMichael, A; Rowland-Jones, SL (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2001-05)HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been detected at a low frequency in many HIV-1-exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) subjects. However, it is unclear how CTLs could protect against HIV ... -
Evaluation of fleroxacin (RO 23-6240) as single-oral-dose therapy of culture-proven chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya
MacDonald, KS; Cameron, DW; D'Costa, L; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Plummer, FA; Ronald, AR (Department of Medical Microbiology, University of NairobiDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, 1989)Chancroid is gaining importance as a sexually transmitted disease because of its association with transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Effective, simply administered therapy for chancroid is necessary. ... -
HIV-neutralizing immunoglobulin A and HIV-specific proliferation are independently associated with reduced HIV acquisition in Kenyan sex workers.
Hirbod, T; Kaul, R; Reichard, C; Kimani, J; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Bwayo, JJ; Nagelkerke, N; Hasselrot, K; Moses, S; MacDonald, KS; Broliden, K (University of Nairobi,College of Health Sciences,, 2008-03)OBJECTIVES: HIV-neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) and HIV-specific cellular immunity have been described in highly exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals, but well controlled studies have not been performed. ... -
HLA-DR 52- and 51-associated DRB1 alleles in Kenya, east Africa.
Dunand, VA; Ng, CM; Wade, JA; Bwayo, J; Plummer, FA; MacDonald, KS (University of NairobiCollege of Health Science, 1997)Abstract The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are amongst the most polymorphic loci known in the human population. The population genetics of the MHC encoded HLA loci of sub-Saharan Africa are of major ... -
Levels of innate immune factors in genital fluids: association of alpha defensins and LL-37 with genital infections and increased HIV acquisition
Levinson, P; Kaul, R; Kimani, J; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Moses, S; MacDonald, KS; Broliden, K; Hirbod, T; Kibera HIV Study Group; Keli, F; Malonza, I; Mwangi, F; Fonck, K; Temmerman, M; Ronald, AR (College of health sciences,University of Nairobi, 2009)BACKGROUND: Several mucosal innate immune proteins exhibit HIV inhibitory activity and their analogues are potential microbicide candidates. However, their clinical associations and in-vivo role in cervicovaginal host ... -
Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine does not induce HIV target cell activation.
Perciani, CT; Farah, B; Kaul, R; Ostrowski, MA; Mahmud, SM; Anzala, O; Jaoko, W; KAVI-ICR Team; MacDonald, KS (BMC, 2019-02-01)BACKGROUND: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is under consideration as a promising recombinant viral vector to deliver foreign antigens including HIV. However, new vectors have come under increased scrutiny, since trials with ... -
Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine Boosts Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Specific Humoral Responses Systemically and at the Cervicovaginal Mucosa of Kenyan VZV-Seropositive Women.
Perciani, CT; Sekhon, M; Hundal, S; Farah, B; Ostrowski, MA; Anzala, AO; McKinnon, LR; Jaoko, W; MacDonald, KS (Oxford Academic, 2018-09-08)BACKGROUND: Attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a promising vector for recombinant vaccines. Because human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) vaccines are believed to require mucosal immunogenicity, we characterized mucosal ... -
Mother-child class I HLA concordance increases perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
MacDonald, KS; Embree, J; Njenga, S; Nagelkerke, NJ; Ngatia, I; Mohammed, Z; Barber, BH; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Bwayo, JJ; Plummer, FA (University of NairobiFaculty of medicine, 1998-03)Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products are expressed on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells and incorporated into the lipid envelope of HIV virions. Macaques immunized with human MHC gene products ... -
Naturally occurring IgG anti-HLA alloantibody does not correlate with HIV type 1 resistance in Nairobi prostitutes
Luscher, MA; Choy, G; Njagi, E; Bwayo, JJ; Anzala Aggrey O.; Ndinya-Achola Jeckoniah O.; Ball, TB; Wade, JA; Plummer, FA; Barber, BH; MacDonald, KS (Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, The Toronto Hospital, Canada.Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 1998)In an effort to identify an immunological basis for natural resistance to HIV-1 infection, we have examined serum antibody responses to HLA class I antigens in female prostitutes of the Nairobi Sex Workers Study. Anti-HLA ... -
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single-dose ciprofloxacin versus erythromycin for the treatment of chancr
Malonza, IM; Tyndall, MW; Ndinya-Achola Jeckoniah O.; Maclean, I; Omar, S; MacDonald, KS; Perriens, J; Orle, K; Plummer, FA; Ronald, AR; Moses, S (University of NairobiFaculty of medicine, 1999-12)A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, to compare single-dose ciprofloxacin with a 7-day course of erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid. In all, 208 men and ... -
Resistance to HIV-1 infection among persistently seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya
Fowke KR; Nagelkerke, NJ; Kimani, J; Simonsen, JN; Anzala, AO; Bwayo, JJ; MacDonald, KS; Ngugi, Elizabeth N (Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Community Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 1996)BACKGROUND: There is indirect evidence that HIV-1 exposure does not inevitably lead to persistent infection. Heterogeneity in susceptibility to infection could be due to protective immunity. The objective of this study ...