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Cellular Immune Responses And Susceptibility To HIV-1 Superinfection: A Case-control Study.
(University of Nairobi, 2012-03)
A case-control study was performed to determine the effects of HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses on the odds of acquiring a second HIV-1 infection (superinfection). Changes in the frequency of cytokine-producing or ...
Neutralizing antibody escape during HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission involves conformational masking of distal epitopes in envelope.
(2012-09)
HIV-1 variants transmitted to infants are often resistant to maternal neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), suggesting that they have escaped maternal NAb pressure. To define the molecular basis of NAb escape that contributes ...
Long-term Virologic Response and Genotypic Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Kenyan Children on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.
(University of Nairobi., 2012-11-28)
Backround: HIV-infected children may require the use of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) into adulthood. However, regimens are limited to first- and second-line in many African settings. Therefore, understanding ...
Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence
(2013)
OBJECTIVE:
Conventional survival estimates may be biased if loss to follow-up (LTF) is associated with the outcome of interest. Our goal was to assess whether the association between sexual risk behavior and HIV-1 ...
Evidence for Efficient Vertical Transfer of Maternal HIV-1 Envelope-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies but No Association of Such Antibodies With Reduced Infant Infection
(University of Nairobi, 2013-10-01)
Little is known about the efficiency of vertical transfer of HIV-1-specific antibodies. Antibody levels in plasma from 60 mother-infant pairs near the time of birth, including 14 breast-feeding transmission pairs, were ...
FCGR2A and FCGR3A Genotypes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mother-to-Child Transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2015-10)
Background. Fc-mediated effector functions have been suggested to influence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and disease progression. Analyzing the role of host Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms on HIV ...
Oligonucleotide ligation assay detects HIV drug resistance associated with virologic failure among antiretroviral-naive adults in Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2014-11)
BACKGROUND:
Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is increasing in some areas of Africa. Detection of TDR may predict virologic failure of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral ...
Breast milk cellular HIV-specific interferon γ responses are associated with protection from peripartum HIV transmission.
(2012)
Breast milk is a major route of infant HIV infection, yet the majority of breast-fed, HIV-exposed infants escape infection by unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the role of HIV-specific breast milk cells ...
Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Virus Inhibition Antibody Activity Does Not Correlate With Risk Of HIV-1 Superinfection
(University of Nairobi, 2013-05)
Previous studies of HIV-infected women with high risk behavior have indicated that neither neutralizing antibody nor cellular immunity elicited by an initial HIV-1 infection is associated with protection against superinfection ...
Dynamics of HIV DNA reservoir seeding in a cohort of superinfected Kenyan women.
(University of Nairobi, 2020)
A reservoir of HIV-infected cells that persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the source of viral rebound upon ART cessation and the major barrier to a cure. Understanding reservoir seeding dynamics ...