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Now showing items 21-30 of 32
Identification of modifiable factors that affect the genetic diversity of the transmitted HIV-1 population
(2004)
BACKGROUND:
Our previous studies have shown that the majority of African women were infected with multiple HIV-1 genetic variants, while in the remaining women only a single viral genotype was detected early in infection. ...
Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya
(2002)
Among HIV-1-infected individuals, vitamin A deficiency has been associated with faster disease progression and greater infectivity in observational studies, but randomized clinical trials have shown no effect of vitamin A ...
Female-to-male infectivity of HIV-1 among circumcised and uncircumcised Kenyan men
(University of Nairobi,, 2005)
BACKGROUND:
A lack of male circumcision has been associated with increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition in a number of studies, but questions remain as to whether confounding by behavioral ...
Vitamin A supplementation and genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among HIV-1-infected women: a randomized clinical trial.
(University of Nairobi,, 2004)
Cross-sectional analyses have associated vitamin A deficiency with genital shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women. A randomized clinical trial of vitamin A ...
Systemic Cytokine Levels Show Limited Correlation with Risk of HIV-1 Acquisition.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01)
It has been hypothesized that immune activation and inflammation may increase HIV-1 susceptibility and that cytokines may be useful biomarkers for risk. Within a prospective cohort, we conducted a nested case-control ...
A Prospective Cohort Study of the Effect of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Detection of Plasma and Cervical HIV-1 in Women Initiating and Continuing Antiretroviral Therapy
(University of Nairobi, 2014-05)
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use among HIV-1 infected women may increase transmission by increasing plasma and genital HIV-1 RNA shedding. We investigated associations between DMPA use and HIV-1 RNA in plasma ...
Hormonal contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
(1998)
To examine associations between method of contraception, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and incident human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a prospective observational cohort study was done among ...
Trends in HIV -1 Incidence in a Cohort of Prostitutes in Kenya: Implications for HIV -1 Vaccine Efficacy Trials
(2000)
Background: Accurate predictions of HIV-I incidence in potential study populations are essential for designing HIV-I vaccine efficacy trials. Lillie information is available on the estimated incidence of HIV-I in such ...
Brief report: association between menopause and unprotected sex in high-risk HIV-positive women in Mombasa, Kenya20
(University of Nairobi, 2017)
OBJECTIVE:
Many HIV-positive women now live well beyond menopause. Postmenopausal women are no longer at risk for pregnancy, and some studies suggest that they may use condoms less often than premenopausal women. This ...
Alcohol use and associations with biological markers and self-reported indicators of unprotected sex in human immunodeficiency virus-positive female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)
BACKGROUND:
Studies of alcohol use and sexual behavior in African populations have primarily been cross-sectional, used nonvalidated measures of alcohol use, or relied on self-reported sexual risk endpoints. Few have ...