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Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children.
(2007)
To describe the early response to World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1-infected Kenyan ...
A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelines
(2006)
BACKGROUND:
Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding.
METHODS:
We evaluated genital HIV-1 ...
Longitudinal assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon responses during the first year of life in HIV-1-infected infants.
(2005)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection results in different patterns of viral replication in pediatric compared to adult populations. The role of early HIV-1-specific responses in viral control has not been ...
Higher set point plasma viral load and more-severe acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) illness predict mortality among high-risk HIV-1-infected African women
(2006)
BACKGROUND:
There is limited information on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, especially from individuals with well-defined dates of infection. We used data from a ...
Identification of modifiable factors that affect the genetic diversity of the transmitted HIV-1 population
(2004)
BACKGROUND:
Our previous studies have shown that the majority of African women were infected with multiple HIV-1 genetic variants, while in the remaining women only a single viral genotype was detected early in infection. ...
Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya
(2002)
Among HIV-1-infected individuals, vitamin A deficiency has been associated with faster disease progression and greater infectivity in observational studies, but randomized clinical trials have shown no effect of vitamin A ...
Breast milk cellular HIV-specific interferon γ responses are associated with protection from peripartum HIV transmission.
(2012)
Breast milk is a major route of infant HIV infection, yet the majority of breast-fed, HIV-exposed infants escape infection by unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the role of HIV-specific breast milk cells ...
Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Virus Inhibition Antibody Activity Does Not Correlate With Risk Of HIV-1 Superinfection
(University of Nairobi, 2013-05)
Previous studies of HIV-infected women with high risk behavior have indicated that neither neutralizing antibody nor cellular immunity elicited by an initial HIV-1 infection is associated with protection against superinfection ...
Effect of intrauterine device use on cervical shedding of HIV-1 DNA.
(1999)
OBJECTIVE:
Hormonal contraception has been associated with an increased prevalence of cervical shedding of HIV-1 DNA among infected women. We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of the use of an intrauterine device ...
Neutralization escape variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are transmitted from mother to infant
(University of Nairobi., 2006-01)
Maternal passive immunity typically plays a critical role in protecting infants from new infections; however, the specific contribution of neutralizing antibodies in limiting mother-to-child transmission of human ...