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Infant Safety during and after Maternal Valacyclovir Therapy in Conjunction with Antiretroviral HIV-1 Prophylaxis in a Randomized Clinical Trial
(2012)
Background
Maternal administration of the acyclovir prodrug valacyclovir is compatible with pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, the safety profile of prolonged infant and maternal exposure to acyclovir in the context ...
Effects of Valcyclovir on markers of disease Progression in Postpartum Women Co-Infected with HIV-1 andHerpes Simplex Virus-2
(2012-06)
Objective:
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) suppression has been shown to reduce HIV-1 disease progression in nonpregnant
women and men, but effects on pregnant and postpartum women have not been described.
Methods:
We ...
Male Antenatal Attendance and HIV Testing Are Associated with Decreased Infant HIV Infection and Increased HIV Free Survival
(2012)
Objective
To investigate the relationship between male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services and infant HIV acquisition and mortality a prospective cohort study was undertaken ...
The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation
(2012)
Background
The GNB3 C825T polymorphism is associated with increased G protein-mediated signal transduction, SDF-1α-mediated lymphocyte chemotaxis, accelerated HIV-1 progression, and altered responses to antiretroviral ...
The Prevalence of Stunting Is High in HIV-1–Exposed Uninfected Infants in Kenya
(2012)
As prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT) programs decrease the numbers of HIV-1–infected infants, it remains important to improve growth in HIV-1–exposed, uninfected (EU) infants. To determine the growth ...
Using Plasma Viral Load to Guide Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation to Prevent HIV-1 Transmission
(2012)
Background
Current WHO guidelines recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at CD4 counts ≤350 cells/µL. Increasing this threshold has been proposed, with a primary goal of reducing HIV-1 infectiousness. Because ...
The post-trial effect of oral periodic presumptive treatment for vaginal infections on the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and Lactobacillus colonization
(2012)
Background
We previously demonstrated a decrease in bacterial vaginosis (BV) and an increase in Lactobacillus colonization among randomized controlled trial (RCT) participants who received monthly oral periodic presumptive ...
Performance Of The Integrated Management Of Childhood Illness Algorithm For Diagnosis Of Hiv-1 Infection Among African Infants.
(University of Nairobi, 2012)
Objectives: Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis and treatment substantially improve survival. Where virologic HIV-1 testing is unavailable, integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) clinical algorithms may be used for ...
Determinants of Per-Coital-Act HIV-1 Infectivity Among African HIV-1–Serodiscordant Couples
(2012)
Background. Knowledge of factors that affect per-act infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is important for designing HIV-1 prevention interventions and for the mathematical modeling of the spread of ...