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dc.contributor.authorBirse, KD
dc.contributor.authorCole, AL
dc.contributor.authorHirbod, T
dc.contributor.authorMcKinnon, L
dc.contributor.authorBall, TB
dc.contributor.authorWestmacott, GR
dc.contributor.authorKimani, J
dc.contributor.authorPlummer, F
dc.date.accessioned2015-07-14T06:28:24Z
dc.date.available2015-07-14T06:28:24Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090884
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11295/87622
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: Cationic proteins found in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) are known to contribute to the early antiviral immune response against HIV-infection in vitro. We here aimed to define additional antiviral factors that are over-expressed in CVS from female sex workers at high risk of infection. METHODS: CVS were collected from Kenyan HIV-seronegative (n = 34) and HIV-seropositive (n = 12) female sex workers, and were compared with those from HIV-seronegative low-risk women (n = 12). The highly exposed seronegative (HESN) sex workers were further divided into those with less (n = 22) or more (n = 12) than three years of documented sex work. Cationic protein-depleted CVS were assessed for HIV-neutralizing activity by a PBMC-based HIV-neutralizing assay, and then characterized by proteomics. RESULTS: HIV neutralizing activity was detected in all unprocessed CVS, however only CVS from the female sex worker groups maintained its HIV neutralizing activity after cationic protein-depletion. Differentially abundant proteins were identified in the cationic protein-depleted secretions including 26, 42, and 11 in the HESN>3yr, HESN<3yr, and HIV-positive groups, respectively. Gene ontology placed these proteins into functional categories including proteolysis, oxidation-reduction, and epidermal development. The proteins identified in this study include proteins previously associated with the HESN phenotype in other cohorts as well as novel proteins not yet associated with anti-HIV activities. CONCLUSION: While cationic proteins appear to contribute to the majority of the intrinsic HIV neutralizing activity in the CVS of low-risk women, a broader range of non-cationic proteins were associated with HIV neutralizing activity in HESN and HIV-positive female sex workers. These results indicate that novel protein factors found in CVS of women with high-risk sexual practices may have inherent antiviral activity, or are involved in other aspects of anti-HIV host defense, and warrant further exploration into their mode of action.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Nairobien_US
dc.titleNon-Cationic Proteins Are Associated with HIV Neutralizing Activity in Genital Secretions of Female Sex Workers.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.materialenen_US


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