University of Nairobi Institutional Repository: Recent submissions

Now showing items 5261-5280 of 115230

    • Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Kenyan Children and Adolescents with HIV 

      Wang, Y; Ramos-Gomez, F; Kemoli, A M; John-Stewart, G; Wamalwa, D; Benki-Nugent, S; Slyker, J; Seminario, A L (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      Introduction: Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) have a higher risk of hard and soft oral tissue diseases as compared with their healthy peers. It is important to increase awareness regarding the need to ...

    • COVID-19: knowledge, perception of risk, preparedness and vaccine acceptability among healthcare workers in Kenya 

      Abdulle, Hafso M; Masika, Moses M; Oyugi, Julius O (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      Introduction: coronaviruses are highly contagious and healthcare workers are at a higher risk of contracting the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, risk perception, preparedness for ...

    • Rational use of antibiotics and covariates of clinical outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Kenya 

      Murila, Babra L; Nyamu, David G; Kinuthia, Rosaline N; Njogu, Peter M (University of Nairobi, 2022-04)
      Objectives: Rational use of antibiotics implies appropriate choice of an antibiotic administered at correct dose, frequency, and duration using the most suitable route of administration. Irrational antibiotics use is ...

    • IoT based monitoring system for epileptic patients 

      Hassan, Souleyman; Mwangi, Elijah; Kihato, Peter K (University of Nairobi, 2022-06)
      The unpredictable nature of epileptic seizures makes it challenging to detect and effectively treat this disorder. The seizures are random, and most epileptic patients experience dangerous physical symptoms during an attack ...

    • Prevalence of and factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Kenya 

      Kungu, Wambui; Agwanda, Alfred; Khasakhala, Anne (University of Nairobi, 2022-05)
      Background: The overwhelming uptake of contraception in Kenya at 58% suggests huge potential for a continued increase, but discontinuation threatens efforts to achieve new targets. Further increases in contraceptive ...

    • High level of plasma TILRR protein is associated with faster HIV seroconversion 

      Kashem, Mohammad A; Lischynski, Jennifer; Stojak, Brittany; Lin, Li; Yuan, Xin-Yong; Liang, Binhua; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Francis A; Ma, Luo (University of Nairobi, 2022-04)
      Background: TILRR (Toll-like Interleukin-1 Receptor Regulator) is a modulator of many genes in NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling. It promotes the production of inflammatory ...

    • Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Composition of Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae) 

      Hashim, Ali; Nguta, Joseph; Musila, Fredrick; Isaac, Ole-Mapenay; Matara, Dorine; Mailu, James (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      Background: Herbal plants are a natural source of novel biomolecules used widely in ethnomedicine. The present study was intended to examine the antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, and phytoconstituents of Ocimum ...

    • Going viral - capacity strengthening in the context of pandemic(s) 

      Mills, Tracey A; Wakasiaka, Sabina; Ayebare, Elizabeth; Danna, Valentina A; Lavender, Tina; Bedwell, Carol (University of Nairobi, 2022-04)
      Strengthening the capacity of midwives and nurses in low- and middle-income countries to lead research is an urgent priority in embedding and sustaining evidence-based practice and better outcomes for women and newborns ...

    • Audit identified modifiable factors in Hospital Care of Newborns in low-middle income countries: a scoping review 

      Ogola, Muthoni; Njuguna, Emily M; Aluvaala, Jalemba; English, Mike; Irimu, Grace (University of Nairobi, 2022-02)
      Background: Audit of facility-based care provided to small and sick newborns is a quality improvement initiative that helps to identify the modifiable gaps in newborn care (BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 14: 280, 2014). The aim ...

    • Diagnostic Challenges in Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Optimizing the Clinical Approach 

      Gunasekera, Kenneth S; Vonasek, Bryan; Oliwa, Jacquie; Triasih, Rina; Lancioni, Christina; Graham, Stephen M; Seddon, James A; Marais, Ben J (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      The management of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is hampered by the low sensitivity and limited accessibility of microbiological testing. Optimizing clinical approaches is therefore critical to close the persistent gaps in ...

    • Socioeconomic Burdens of the COVID-19 Pandemic on LMIC Populations with Increased HIV Vulnerabilities 

      Leigh, McClarty; Lisa, Lazarus; Daria, Pavlova; Sushena, Reza-Paul; Olga, Balakireva; Kimani, Joshua; Tetiana, Tarasova; Robert, Lorway; Becker, Marissa L; McKinnon, Lyle R (University of Nairobi, 2022-02)
      Purpose of review: To review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its public health response on key populations at risk of HIV infection, with a focus on sex workers. Recent findings: Since last year several groups ...

    • Flavanols from Tetrapleura tetraptera with cytotoxic activities 

      Ayoolu, Oguntimehin S; Ogbole, Omonike O; Ajaiyeoba, Edith O; Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-A; Demissie, Taye B; Elbadawi, Mohamed; Efferth, Thomas; Bedane, Kibrom G; Spitelle, Michael (University of Nairobi, 2022-05)
      Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal plant used in East and West Africa to treat inflammation and related diseases. From the stem bark of the plant, three previously undescribed flavan-3-ol derivatives named (2R,3S)-3,3 ...

    • The Unusual High Origin Radial Artery in a Black Kenyan Population: A Cadaveric Study 

      Bundi, Brian N; Mutua, Victor; Cheruiyot, Isaac; Munguti, Jeremiah; Csefalvay, Chris von; Nurani, Khulud M; Ogeng'o, Julius (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      Background: The anatomy of the radial artery draws great interests among anatomists for its frequent involvement in variations. Equally, these variations have gained significant attention from clinicians because of the ...

    • Genetic connectivity of trypanosomes between tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas of Kenya 

      Kimenyi, Naomi N; Kimenyi, Kelvin M; Amugune, Nelson O; Getahun, Merid N (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      The prevalence rates of trypanosomes, including those that require cyclical transmission by tsetse flies, are widely distributed in Africa. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense are actively maintained in regions ...

    • The effects of negative pressure wound therapy on wounds with cerebrospinal fluid leakages 

      Nangole, Ferdinand W; Agak, George (University of Nairobi, 2022-04)
      Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used for a variety of wounds with good outcomes. However, it is contraindicated in the management of wounds with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakages. The ...

    • Outdoor malaria vector species profile in dryland ecosystems of Kenya 

      Kinya, Fiona; Mutero, Clifford M; Sang, Rosemary; Owino, Eunice A; Rotich, Gilbert; Ogola, Edwin O; Wondji, Charles S; Torto, Baldwyn; Tchouassi, David P (University of Nairobi, 2022-05)
      Outdoor biting by anopheline mosquitoes is one of the contributors to residual malaria transmission, but the profile of vectors driving this phenomenon is not well understood. Here, we studied the bionomics and genetically ...

    • Preclinical efficacy testing of three antivenoms against Naja ashei venom-induced lethality 

      Okumu, Mitchel O; Mbaria, James M; Gikunju, Joseph K; Mbuthia, Paul G; Madadi, Vincent O; Ochola, Francis O; Maloba, Kenneth N; Nderitu, Joseph G (University of Nairobi, 2022-04)
      This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Inoserp, Vins bioproducts, and South African Institute of Medical Research (SAIMR) polyvalent antivenoms in neutralizing Naja ashei venom-induced lethality in mice. The ...

    • A Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants of Kenya used in the Management of Bacterial Infections 

      Odongo, Elizabeth A; Mutai, Peggoty C; Amugune, Beatrice K; Mungai, Nelly N (University of Nairobi, 2022-03)
      Kenya's vision 2030 partly aims at ensuring adequate health care for all, and the integration of traditional healthcare practices into the national healthcare system would present a more rapid alternative towards the ...

    • Pediatric Pneumonia: Another Problem Plagued by Inequity in Health Care 

      Attia, Engi F; Kaufman, Joel D; Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth (University of Nairobi, 2022-06)

    • Landscape Dynamics (landDX) an open-access spatial-temporal database for the Kenya-Tanzania borderlands 

      Tyrrell, Peter; Amoke, Irene; Betjes, Koen; Broekhuis, Femke; Buitenwerf, Robert; Carroll, Sarah; Hahn, Nathan; Haywood, Daniel; Klaassen, Britt; Løvschal, Mette; Macdonald, David; Maiyo, Karen; Mbithi, Hellen; Mwangi, Nelson; Ochola, Churchil; Odire, Erick; Ondrusek, Victoria; Ratemo, Junior; Pope, Frank; Russell, Samantha; Sairowua, Wilson; Sigilai, Kiptoo; Stabach, Jared A; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Stone, Elizabeth; du Toit, Johan T; Western, Guy; Wittemyer, George; Wall, Jake (University of Nairobi, 2022-01)
      The savannas of the Kenya-Tanzania borderland cover >100,000 km2 and is one of the most important regions globally for biodiversity conservation, particularly large mammals. The region also supports >1 million pastoralists ...