Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Subject "HIV"

Now showing items 1-20 of 30

    • Barriers to Antiretroviral Initiation in HIV-1-Discordant Couples 

      Guthrie, Brandon L; Choi, Robert Y; Liu, Amy Y; Mackelprang, Romel D; Rositch, Anne F; Bosire, Rose; Manyara, Lucy; Gatuguta, Anne; Kiarie, James N; Farquhar, Carey (Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyInstitute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 2011)
      BACKGROUND In Kenya and much of sub-Saharan Africa, nearly half of all couples affected by HIV are discordant. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) slows disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals, and reduces transmission ...

    • Benefits and constraints of intimate partnerships for HIV positive sex workers in Kibera, Kenya 

      Benoit, Cecilia; Roth, Eric; Hallgrimsdottir, Helga; Jansson, Mikael; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Sharpe, Kimberly (College of Health Sciences, 2013)
      Introduction: Research on the intimate partnerships of female sex workers (FSWs) tends to focus on the risks associated with these relationships. This paper takes as its starting point that the situation of FSWs is ...

    • Building capacity for cervical cancer screening in outpatient HIV clinics in the Nyanza province of western Kenya 

      Huchko, Megan J; Bukusi, EA; Cohen, Craig R (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011)
      Objective To evaluate outcomes of cervical cancer screening within HIV care and treatment clinics in Kenya. Methods Beginning in October 2007, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, and loop electrosurgical ...

    • Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Nairobi 

      Marx, G; John-Stewart, G; Bosire, R; Wamalwa, D; Otieno, P; Farquhar, C (Department of Paediatrics, 2010)
      HIV-infected women with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy are at increased risk for poor obstetric outcomes. In resource-limited settings, diagnostic testing for STIs and ...

    • Does integrating family planning into HIV care and treatment impact intention to use contraception? Patient perspectives from HIV-infected individuals in Nyanza Province, Kenya. 

      Newmann, SJ; Grossman, D; Blat, C; Onono, M; Steinfeld, R; Bukusi, EA; Shade, S; Cohen, CR (ElsevierDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 2013)
      OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether HIV-infected women and men in HIV care and not using highly effective methods of contraception thought they would be more likely to use contraception if it were available at the HIV ...

    • Domestic violence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 

      Kiarie, James N.; Farquhar, Carey; Richardson, Barbra A.; Kabura, Marjory N.; John, Francis N.; Nduati, RW; Stewart, Grace C. John (2006)
      Objectives Todeterminetheprevalenceof life-timedomesticviolencebythecurrent partnerbeforeHIV-1testing,itsimpactontheuptakeofpreventionofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and frequency after testing. Design ...

    • Feasibility and Safety of Cervical Biopsy Sampling for Mucosal Immune Studies in Female Sex Workers from Nairobi, Kenya 

      Hasselrot, Klara; Cheruiyot, Juliana; Kimani, Joshua; Ball, Terry B; Kaul, Rupert; Hirbod, Taha (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)
      Background There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the mucosal immuno-pathogenesis of HIV acquisition in the female genital tract, particularly in high-risk women such as female sex workers (FSWs). ...

    • Health Outreach and Control of HIV Infection in Kenya 

      Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Plummer, F A (Department of Community HeaLth, College of HeaLth Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of MedicaL MicrobioLogy, College of HeaLth Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 1986)
      This paper highlights the role of mobilization of individuals and community groups and health professionals in prevention of HIV transmission. It traces the educational strategy employed to reach the general population and ...

    • Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi and transmission to infants. 

      Chasela, CS; Kourtis, AP; Wall, P; Drobeniuc, J; King, CC; Thai, H; Teshale, EH; Hosseinipour, M; Ellington, S; Codd, MB; Jamieson, DJ; Knight, R; Fitzpatrick, P; Kamili, S; Hoffman, I; Kayira, D; Mumba, N; Kamwendo, DD; Martinson, F; Powderly, W; Teo, CG; van der Horst, C; BAN Study Team.; Meme, J (University of Nairobi, 2014-03)
      BACKGROUND & AIMS: The extent of HBV infection to infants of HBV/HIV-coinfected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of HBV infection among antiretroviral-naïve, ...

    • HIV infection and sexual partnerships and behaviour among adolescent girls in Nairobi, Kenya 

      Rositch, A F; Cherutich, P; Brentlinger, P; Kiarie, J N M; Nduati, RW; Farquhar, C (Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyDepartment of Paediatrics, 2012)
      Early sexual partnerships place young women in sub-Saharan Africa at high risk for HIV. Few studies have examined both individual- and partnership-level characteristics of sexual relationships among adolescent girls. A ...

    • HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission 

      Lehman, Dara A.; Chung, Michael H.; Stewart, Grace C. John; Richardson, Barbra A.; Kiarie, James; Kinuthia, John; Overbaugh, Julie (2008)
      Background: The effects of short-course antiretrovirals given to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on temporal patterns of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA in breast milk are not well defined. Methods: Women ...

    • Increased risk of HIV acquisition among Kenyan men with human papillomavirus infection 

      Smith, Jennifer S; Moses, Stephen; Hudgens, Michael; Parker, Corette B; Agot, Kawango; Maclean, Ian; Ndinya-Achola JO.; Snijders, Peter J F; Meijer, Chris J L M; Bailey, Robert C (2010-06-01)
      Background Few data are available concerning the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on HIV acquisition. Methods HIV-seronegative, sexually active 18-24 year-old Kenyan men within a randomized trial ...

    • Indeterminate rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers 

      Matemo, D; Kinuthia, J; John, F; Chung, M; Farquhar, C; Stewart, G John; Kiarie, J (Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2008)
      Summary: The sensitivity and specificity of rapid HIV-1 tests may be altered during pregnancy and postpartum. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and correlates of false-positive Abbott DetermineTM and ...

    • Male Perspectives on Incorporating Men into Antenatal HIV Counseling and Testing 

      Katz, David A; Kiarie, James N; John-Stewart, Grace C; Richardson, Barbra A; John, Francis N; Farquhar, Carey (Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, 2009)
      Male partner involvement in antenatal voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) has been shown to increase uptake of interventions to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in resource-limited settings. We aimed to identify ...

    • Male Spouse Perpetrated Psychological and Sexual Abuse among Pregnant Women in Nairobi, Kenya 

      Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Mwaura, James; Nguti, David (International Invention Journals, 2014)
      The purpose of this comparative retrospective study was to evaluate the nature of male spouseperpetrated gender based violence (GBV) during pregnancy. The objective was to establish whether diagnosis of HIV infection ...

    • The management of children with Kaposi sarcoma in resource limited settings 

      Israels Trijn.; Githanga Jessie N.; Balagadde-Kambugu Joyce.; Hesseling Peter.; Orem Jackson.; Davidson Alan.; Molyneux Elizabeth. (Department of Human Pathology, 2013-04)
      Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is common where HIV infection is endemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence in well-resourced settings but in some parts of the world access to ART is delayed. These recommendations ...

    • Management of Dental Waste by Practitioners in Nairobi, Kenya. 

      Osamong, LA; Gathece Loice W; Kisumbi, BK; Mutave, RJ (2005)
      Objective: Dental wastes are material that has been utilized in dental clinics, which are no longer wanted for use and therefore discarded. Improper disposal of these dental wastes can cause harm to the dentist, the people ...

    • Mucosal Neisseria gonorrhoeae coinfection during HIV acquisition is associated with enhanced systemic HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses 

      Shina, L Y Y; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Kimani, J; Rebbapragada, A; Sheung, A; Kaul, R; Gray-Owen, S; Moses, S; Dobson-Belaire, W; MacDonald, K S (Department of Community Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 2008)
      Background: The host immune response against mucosally acquired pathogens may be influenced by the mucosal immune milieu during acquisition. As Neisseria gonorrhoeae can impair dendritic cell and T-cell immune function, ...

    • A nested case-control study of sexual practices and risk factors for prevalent HIV-1 infection among young men in Kisumu, Kenya 

      Mattson, Christine L; Bailey, Robert C; Agot, Kawango; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Moses, Stephen (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2007)
      Objectives To investigate sexual practices and risk factors for prevalent HIV infection among young men in Kisumu, Kenya. Goal The goal of this study was to identify behaviors associated with HIV in Kisumu to maximize ...

    • Patient satisfaction with integrated HIV and antenatal care services in rural Kenya. 

      Vo, BN; Cohen, CR; Smith, RM; Bukusi, EA; Onono, MA; Schwartz, K; Washington, S; Turan, JM (Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USAResearch Care and Treatment Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 2012)
      A cluster randomized controlled trial was initiated in Kenya to determine if full integration (FI) of HIV care, including HAART, into antenatal care (ANC) clinics improves health outcomes among HIV-infected women and exposed ...