Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Author "Wachihi, Charles"
Now showing items 21-30 of 30
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HIV-1 Clade D Is Associated with Increased Rates of CD4 Decline in a Kenyan Cohort
McKinnon, Lyle R.; Nagelkerke, Nico J.; Kaul, Rupert; Shaw, Souradet Y.; Capina, Rupert; Luo, Ma; Kariri, Anthony; Apidi, Winnie; Kimani, Makobu; Wachihi, Charles; Jaoko Walter G.; Anzala Aggrey O.; Kimani, Joshua; Ball, T. Blake; Plummer, Francis A. (2012)HIV-1 is grouped phylogenetically into clades, which may impact rates of HIV-1 disease progression. Clade D infection in particular has been shown to be more pathogenic. Here we confirm in a Nairobi-based prospective ... -
HIV-1 RNA Dysregulates the natural TLR response to subclinical endotoxemia in Kenyan female sex-workers
Lester, Richard T.; Yao, Xiao-Dan; Ball, T. Blake; McKinnon, Lyle R.; Omange, Were R.; Kaul, Rupert; Wachihi, Charles; Jaoko Walter G.; Rosenthal, Kenneth L.; Plummer, Francis A. (2009)Subclinical endotoxemia has been reported in HIV-1 infected persons and may drive systemic immune activation and pathogenesis. Proinflammatory responsiveness to endotoxin (LPS) is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We ... -
HIV-Exposed seronegative commercial sex workers show a quiescent phenotype in the CD4+ T cell compartment and reduced expression of HIV-dependent host factors
McLaren, Paul J; Ball, T. Blake; Wachihi, Charles; Jaoko Walter G.; Kelvin, David J; Danesh, Ali; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Francis A.; Fowke, Keith R. (2010)Studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed seronegative individuals are crucial to informvaccine design. In the present study we demonstrated that HIV-exposed seronegative commercial sex workers produce lower ... -
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Proviral Hypermutation Correlates with CD4 Count in HIV-Infected Women from Kenya[down-pointing small open triangle]
Land, Allison M; Ball, Blake T; Luo, Ma; Pilon, Richard; Sandstrom, Paul; Embree, Joanne E; Wachihi, Charles; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Francis A (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2008)APOBEC3G is an important innate immune molecule that causes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hypermutation, which can result in detrimental viral genome mutations. The Vif protein of wild-type HIV-1 counteracts ... -
Negative mucosal synergy between Herpes simplex type 2 and HIV in the female genital tract
Rebbapragada, Anuradha; Wachihi, Charles; Pettengell, Christopher; Sunderji, Sherzana; Huibner, Sanja; Jaoko Walter G.; Ball, Blake; Fowke, Keith; Mazzulli, Tony; Plummer, Francis A.; Kaul, Rupert (2007)There is substantial epidemiological evidence that infection by Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) enhances both HIV susceptibility and subsequent sexual transmission. Both infections are extremely common in female sex ... -
Preventing HIV-1 Infection, More Epitope Is Not Better: Analysis of Gag Epitope of 2 HLA Alleles Associated with Different Outcome of HIV Infection
Luo, Ma; Daniuk, Christina A; Diallo, Tamsir O; Capina, Rupert E; Kimani, Joshua; Wachihi, Charles; Kimani, Makubo; Bielawny, Thomas; Peterson, Trevor; Mendoza, Mark G R; Kiazyk, Sandra; Ball, Blake T; Plummera, Francis A (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)Background: Current HIV vaccine candidates have been based on the conventional views of viral infection and attempt to induce broad T cell responses to HIV-1. Until now, the candidate vaccines based on such approach ... -
Reduced Cellular Susceptibility to In Vitro HIV Infection Is Associated with CD4+ T Cell Quiescence
Card, Catherine M; Rutherford, John W; Ramdahin, Suzie; Yao, Xiaojian; Kimani, Makobu; Wachihi, Charles; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Francis A; Ball, Blake T; Fowke, Keith R (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)Background HIV preferentially establishes productive infection in activated CD4+ T cells. Since proportions of activated CD4+ T cells vary between individuals, this study aimed to determine if individuals with a greater ... -
The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation
Juno, Jennifer; Tuff, Jeffrey; Choi, Robert; Card, Catherine; Kimani, Joshua; Wachihi, Charles; Koesters-Kiazyk, Sandra; Ball, Blake T; Farquhar, Carey; Plummer, Francis A; John-Stewart, Grace; Luo, Ma; Fowke, Keith R (Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)Background The GNB3 C825T polymorphism is associated with increased G protein-mediated signal transduction, SDF-1α-mediated lymphocyte chemotaxis, accelerated HIV-1 progression, and altered responses to antiretroviral ... -
Selection, Phenotyping and Identification of Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Producing Bacteria from Vaginal Samples of Canadian and East African Women
Schellenberg, John J.; . Dumonceaux, Tim J; Hill, Janet E.; Kimani, Joshua; Jaoko Walter G.; Wachihi, Charles; Mungai, Jane Njeri; Lane, Margo; Fowke, Keith R.; Ball, T. Blake (2012)The common but poorly understood condition known as bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases vulnerability to HIV infection and is associated with the absence of H(2)O(2)-producing Lactobacillus. Vaginal lactic acid bacteria ... -
Toll-like receptor expression and responsiveness are increased in viraemic HIV-1 infection
Lester, Richard T.; Yao, Xiao-Dan; Ball, T. Blake; McKinnon, Lyle R.; Kaul, Rupert; Wachihi, Charles; Jaoko Walter G.; Plummer, Francis A.; Rosenthal, Kenneth L. (2008)Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important in pathogen recognition and may play a role in HIV disease. We evaluated the effect of chronic untreated and treated HIV-1 infection on systemic TLR expression and TLR signalling. ...