Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Title
Now showing items 4414-4433 of 10378
-
HIV-1 infection alters the retinol-binding protein:transthyretin ratio even in the absence of the acute phase response.
(University of Nairobi,College of Health Sciences,, 2005)he ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation. Few studies have been conducted among adults, ... -
HIV-1 maternal and infant variants show similar sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, but sensitivity varies by subtype
(University of NairobiSchool of Public Health, 2013-06-19)RATIONALE: To protect against HIV infection, passively transferred and/or vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) need to effectively target diverse subtypes that are transmitted globally. These variants are a ... -
HIV-1 neutralizing activity is correlated with increased levels of chemokines in saliva of HIV-1-exposed uninfected individuals.
(University of Nairobi,College of Health Sciences,, 2008)AIM: Mucosal HIV-1 exposure stimulates a variety of mucosal immune responses, including IgA1-mediated virus neutralization, even in the absence of an established infection. We hypothesized that other immune molecules might ... -
Hiv-1 neutralizing antibodies with limited hypermutation from an infant.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) develop in a subset of infected adults and exhibit high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) due to years of affinity maturation. There is no precedent for eliciting highly ... -
HIV-1 neutralizing antibody breadth is affected by factors early in infection, but does not influence disease progression. Journal of Virology 83(10):10269-74
(University of Nairobi, 2009)No abstract available -
HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission
(2008)Background: The effects of short-course antiretrovirals given to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on temporal patterns of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA in breast milk are not well defined. Methods: Women ... -
HIV-1 prevalence and risk of seroconversion among uncircumcised men in Kenya
(Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 1992) -
HIV-1 prevention for HIV-1 serodiscordant couples.
(International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA, 2012)A substantial proportion of HIV-1 infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are in stable relationships with HIV-1 uninfected partners, and HIV-1 serodiscordant couples thus represent an important target population for ... -
HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users.
(University of Nairobi, 2015)BACKGROUND: Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations ... -
HIV-1 RNA Dysregulates the natural TLR response to subclinical endotoxemia in Kenyan female sex-workers
(2009)Subclinical endotoxemia has been reported in HIV-1 infected persons and may drive systemic immune activation and pathogenesis. Proinflammatory responsiveness to endotoxin (LPS) is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We ... -
HIV-1 RNA may decline more slowly in semen than in blood following initiation of efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy
(University of NairobiCollege of Health Sciences, 2007)Objects :Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases HIV-1 RNA levels in semen and reduces sexual transmission from HIV-1-infected men. Our objective was to study the time course and magnitude of seminal HIV-1 RNA decay after ... -
HIV-1 subtype C is not associated with higher risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission: a multinational study among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples.
(University of Nairobi, 2014-01)BACKGROUND: HIV-1 subtype C has emerged as the most prevalent strain of HIV-1 worldwide, leading to speculation that subtype C may be more transmissible than other subtypes. We compared the risk of HIV-1 transmission ... -
HIV-1 subtype D infection is associated with faster disease progression than subtype A in spite of similar plasma HIV-1 Loads
(2007)We investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on disease progression among 145 Kenyan women followed from the time of HIV-1 acquisition. Compared with those infected with subtype A, ... -
HIV-1 Subtype D Infection Is Associated with Faster Disease Progression than Subtype A in Spite of Similar Plasma HIV-1 Loads
(University of Nairobi, 2007)We investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on disease progression among 145 Kenyan women followed from the time of HIV-1 acquisition. Compared with those infected with subtype A, women ... -
HIV-1 Superinfection in Women Broadens and Strengthens the Neutralizing Antibody Response
(3/29/2012)Identifying naturally-occurring neutralizing antibodies (NAb) that are cross-reactive against all global subtypes of HIV-1 is an important step toward the development of a vaccine. Establishing the host and viral determinants ... -
Hiv-1 Superinfection Is Associated With An Accelerated Viral Load Increase But Has A Limited Impact On Disease Progression.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)OBJECTIVE HIV-1 superinfection occurs frequently in high-risk populations, but its clinical consequences remain poorly characterized. We undertook this study to determine the impact of HIV-1 superinfection on disease ... -
HIV-1 target cells in foreskins of African men with varying histories of sexually transmitted infections
(Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2006)Numerous epidemiologic studies have found significant associations between lack of circumcision and HIV-1 acquisition in men. To our knowledge, this is the first study of human foreskin tissue that examines biologic ... -
HIV-1 Tat induces DNMT over-expression through microRNA dysregulation in HIV-related non Hodgkin lymphomas
(University of Nairobi,, 2014)Background A close association between HIV infection and the development of cancer exists. Although the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the epidemiology of AIDS-associated malignancies, a ... -
HIV-1 Testing In Pregnancy: Acceptability And Correlates Of Return For Test Results
(University of NairobiDepartment of Public Health, 2000-07) -
HIV-1 viral control varies by viral subtype in a large cohort of African adults with incident HIV-1 infection.
(Oxford Academic, 2019-04-02)Few HIV-infected persons can maintain low viral levels without therapeutic intervention. We evaluate predictors of spontaneous viral control in a prospective cohort of African adults shortly after HIV infection. Viral ...