Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Author "Wachihi, C"
Now showing items 1-20 of 22
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Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin depends on its nuclear localization and altered innate immune activation in female genital epithelial cells.
Drannik, AG; Nag, K; Yao, XD; Henrick, BM; Ball, TB; Plummer, FA; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J; Rosenthal, KL. (University of NairobiSchool of Medicine, 2012-12-27)Elafin (E) and its precursor trappin-2 (Tr) are alarm antiproteases with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Tr and E (Tr/E) have been associated with HIV-1 resistance. We recently showed that Tr/E reduced IL-8 ... -
Assessment of the Feasibility of a Different HIV Vaccine Approach
Kimani, M; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J (University Of Nairobi, 2011)Background: The failure of Merck STEP and Phambili trials and the modest effect of RV144 trial emphasize the importance of understanding the correlates of protective immunity. Our study showed that the epitope recognition ... -
Associations of human leukocyte antigen DRB with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort
Lacap, PA; Huntington, JD; Luo, M; Nagelkerke, NJ; Bielawny, T; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Plummer, FA (Department of Community Health, University of Nairobi,National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Canada, 2008)OBJECTIVE: A group of commercial sex workers in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort, established in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya, remain HIV-1 uninfected despite heavy exposure to HIV-1 through active sex work. Previous studies showed ... -
Associations Of Human Leukocyte Antigen-g With Resistance And Susceptibility To Hiv-1 Infection In The Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort.
Turk, WJ; Kimani, J; Bielawny, T; Wachihi, C; Ball, TB; Plummer, FA; Luo, M. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-01)OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-G genotypes and resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1. DESIGN: A group of sex workers in Pumwani, Kenya can be epidemiologically defined ... -
Cd4+ T Cell Responses In Hiv-exposed Seronegative Women Are Qualitatively Distinct From Those In Hiv-infected Women
Alimonti, JB; Koesters, SA; Kimani, J; Matu, L; Wachihi, C; Plummer, FA; Fowke, KR (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2005-01)The immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed seronegative (ESN) women may be qualitatively different from that in those infected with HIV (HIV(+)). In a cohort of female commercial sex workers in ... -
Cross-clade CD8(+) T-cell responses with a preference for the predominant circulating clade
McKinnon, LR; Ball, TB; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Matu, L; Luo, M; Embree, J; Fowke, KR; Plummer, FA. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2005-11)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetic diversity is a major impediment to the design of a successful vaccine. Even if an HIV vaccine is proven effective, it remains to be seen whether this protection will extend to ... -
Cross-clade CD8(+) T-cell responses with a preference for the predominant circulating clade.
McKinnon, LR; Ball, TB; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Matu, L; Luo, M; Embree, J; Fowke, KR; Plummer, FA. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2005)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetic diversity is a major impediment to the design of a successful vaccine. Even if an HIV vaccine is proven effective, it remains to be seen whether this protection will extend to ... -
Decreased Immune Activation In Resistance To Hiv-1 Infection Is Associated With An Elevated Frequency Of Cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells.
Card, CM; McLaren, PJ; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J; Plummer, FA; Fowke, K R. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2009-05)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-resistant commercial sex workers provide a unique opportunity to study correlates of protection associated with natural resistance to HIV infection. Emerging data from studies of these ... -
A distinct cytokine and chemokine profile at the genital mucosa is associated with HIV-1 protection among HIV-exposed seronegative commercial sex workers
Lajoie, J; Juno, J; Burgener, A; Rahman, S; Mogk, K; Wachihi, C; Mwanjewe, J; Plummer, F A; Kimani, J; Ball, T B; Fowke, K R (University of Nairobi,, 2012)The predominance of HIV-1 sexual transmission requires a greater understanding of the interaction between HIV-1 and the mucosal immune system. The study of HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals serves as a model ... -
Enumeration Of Sex Workers In The Central Business District Of Nairobi, Kenya
Kimani J.; McKinnon LR.; Wachihi, C; Kusimba J.; Gakii Gloria.; Birir S.; Muthui M.; Kariri A.; Muriuki FK.; Muraguri .N; Musyoki H.; Ball T B.; Kaul, R,; Gelmon L. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-01-25)Accurate program planning for populations most at risk for HIV/STI acquisition requires knowledge of the size and location where these populations can best be reached. To obtain this information for sex workers operating ... -
Full-length Hiv Type 1 Proviral Sequencing Of 10 Highly Exposed Women From Nairobi, Kenya Reveals A High Proportion Of Intersubtype Recombinants.
Land, AM; Ball, TB; Luo, M; Rutherford, J; Sarna, C; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J; Plummer, FA (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2008-06)Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the current HIV/AIDS pandemic consists of a multitude of different viral clades and recombinant viruses. The predominant circulating HIV-1 clade in Kenya is A1; however, Kenya borders ... -
Genital levels of soluble immune factors with anti-HIV activity may correlate with increased HIV susceptibility
Kaul, R; Rebbapragada, A; Hirbod, T; Wachihi, C; Ball, TB; Plummer, FA; Kimani, J; Jaoko, Walter (University of NairobiSchool of medicine,University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2008-10)Despite the scale of the HIV pandemic, mucosal innate immune defenses prevent HIV infection after most sexual exposures. Several soluble immune factors with in vitro anti-HIV activity are present at the genital mucosa in ... -
Hiv-specific Cd8+ T-cell Proliferation Is Prospectively Associated With Delayed Disease Progression.
McKinnon, LR Kaul R, Kimani J, Nagelkerke NJ, Wachihi C, Fowke KR, Ball TB, Plummer FA.; Kaul, R; Kimani, J; Nagelkerke, N J; Wachihi, C; Fowke, KR; Ball, T B; Plummer, FA. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2012-03)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation is consistently correlated with enhanced host HIV immune control, but whether proliferative responses are a cause or consequence of immune protection ... -
Human leukocyte antigen-DQ alleles and haplotypes and their associations with resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection
Hardie, RA; Luo, M; Bruneau B; Knight, E; Nagelkerke, NJ; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Plummer, FA (Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Community Health, University of Nairobi,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Community Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab EmiratesMedical Microbiology, Room 507, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 730 William Avenue,, 2008)Objectives: To determine the association of DQ antigens with resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1. Design: Despite repeated exposure to HIV-1, a subset of women in the Pumwani Sex Worker cohort established in Nairobi, ... -
IL-7Ralpha expression on DC4+ T lymphocytes decreases with HIV disease progression and inversely correlates with immune activation
Koesters, SA; Alimonti, JB; Wachihi, C; Matu, L; ANZALA, O A; Kimani, J; Embree, JE; Plummer, FA; Fowke, KR (University of nairobiCollege of health science, 2006)Many factors can influence the rate of HIV disease progression, including those that maintain T cell homeostasis. One key homeostatic regulator is the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Previous studies have shown IL-7R expression ... -
Immunogenicity Of Sequences Around Hiv-1 Protease Cleavage Sites: Potential Targets And Population Coverage Analysis For A Hiv Vaccine Targeting Protease Cleavage Sites.
Luo, M; Capina, R; Daniuk, C; Tuff, J; Peters, H; Kimani, M; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J; Ball, T B; Plummer, F A. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-06)Developing an effective preventative vaccine against HIV-1 has proved to be a great challenge. The classical and proven vaccine approach has failed so far or produced a modest effect, new approaches are needed. In this ... -
Influence of HLA Class I Haplotypes on HIV-1 Seroconversion and Disease Progression in Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort.
Sampathkumar, R; Peters, HO; Mendoza, L; Bielawny, T; Ngugi, E; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Plummer, FA; Luo, M (University of Nairobi, 2014-07)We examined the effect of HLA class I haplotypes on HIV-1 seroconversion and disease progression in the Pumwani sex worker cohort. This study included 595 HIV-1 positive patients and 176 HIV negative individuals. HLA-A, ... -
An Integrative Bioinformatic Approach For Studying Escape Mutations In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag In The Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort.
Peters, HO; Mendoza, MG; Capina, RE; Luo, M; Mao, X; Gubbins, M; Nagelkerke, NJ; Macarthur, I; Sheardown, BB,; Kimani, J; Wachihi, C; Thavaneswaran, S; Plummer, FA. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2008-02)Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is able to evade the host cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response through a variety of escape avenues. Epitopes that are presented to CTLs are first processed in the presenting ... -
Molecular Definition Of Vaginal Microbiota In East African Commercial Sex Workers
Schellenberg, JJ; Links, MG; Hill, JE; Dumonceaux, TJ; Kimani, J; Jaoko Walter G.; Wachihi, C; Mungai, JN; Peters, GA; Tyler, S; Graham, M; Severini, A; Fowke, KR; Ball, TB; Plummer, FA (University of NairobiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, 2011-06)Resistance to HIV infection in a cohort of commercial sex workers living in Nairobi, Kenya, is linked to mucosal and antiinflammatory factors that may be influenced by the vaginal microbiota. Since bacterial vaginosis (BV), ... -
Mucosal Serpin A1 And A3 Levels In Hiv Highly Exposed Sero-negative Women Are Affected By The Menstrual Cycle And Hormonal Contraceptives But Are Independent Of Epidemiological Confounders.
Rahman, S; Rabbani, R,; Wachihi, C; Kimani, J; Plummer, FA; Ball, TB; Burgener, A. (University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-01)OBJECTIVE: Serpins (serine protease inhibitors) are associated with protection against HIV infection. Here, we characterized mucosal serpin expression in the genital tract of HIV highly exposed sero-negative (HESN) women ...