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Preventing postnatal transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding: modifying infant feeding practices

Rollins, N; Meda, N; Becquet, R; Coutsoudis, A; Humphrey, J; Jeffrey, B; Kanshana, S; Kuhn, L; Leroy, V; Mbori-Ngacha, DA; McIntyre, J; Newell, ML; Ghent IAS Working Group on HIV in Women and Children. (University of Nairobi., 2004-02)

Approaches to reducing or preventing the risk of postnatal transmission through breast-feeding include the avoidance of all breast-feeding and the use of exclusive replacement feeds or exclusive breast-feeding for a limited ...

Does assessment of signs and symptoms add to the predictive value of an algorithm to rule out pregnancy?

Stanback, John; Nakintu, Nuru; Qureshi, Zahida; Nasution, Marlina (Family Health International, 2006)

Background A World Health Organization-endorsed algorithm, widely published in international guidance documents and distributed in the form of a ‘pregnancy checklist’, has become a popular tool for ruling out pregnancy ...

Genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA during pregnancy: association with immunosuppression, abnormal cervical or vaginal discharge, and severe vitamin A deficiency

John, G; Nduati, RW; Mbori-Ngacha, DA; Overbaugh, J; Welch, M; Richardson, B; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Bwayo, JJ; Krieger, J; Onyango, F; Kreiss, J K (1997-01)

The presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in genital secretions may be a determinant of vertical HIV-1 transmission. Cervical and vaginal secretions from HIV-1–seropositive pregnant women were evaluated ...

Cofactors for HIV-1 Incidence during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period

Kinuthia, John; Kiarie, James N; Farquhar, Carey; Richardson, Barbra; Nduati, RW; Mbori-Ngacha, DA; John-Stewart, Grace (2010)

Objectives To estimate HIV-1 incidence and cofactors for HIV-1 incidence during pregnancy and postpartum. Design Retrospective study among women who were HIV seronegative during pregnancy. Methods Mothers ...

Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Nairobi

Marx, G; John-Stewart, G; Bosire, R; Wamalwa, D; Otieno, P; Farquhar, C (2010)

HIV-infected women with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy are at increased risk for poor obstetric outcomes. In resource-limited settings, diagnostic testing for STIs and ...

Pregnancy rates among female participants in phase I and phase IIA AIDS vaccine clinical trials in Kenya

Jaoko, Walter; Ogutu, H.; Wakasiaka, S; Malogo, R.; Ndambuki, R; Nyange, J; Omosa-Manyonyi, G.; Fast, P; Schmidt, C; Verlinde, C; Smith, C; Bhatt, K.M; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Anzala, O (2009-09)

Background: Female participants in AIDS candidate vaccine clinical trials must agree to use effective contraception to be enrolled into the studies, and for a specified period after vaccination, since the candidate vaccines’ ...

Valacyclovir Suppressive Therapy Reduces Plasma and Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Trial

Drake, Alison L; Roxby, Alison C; Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca; Kiarie, James; John-Stewart, Grace; Wald, Anna; Richardson, Barbra A; Hitti, Jane (2012)

Background. The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) suppression on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions is ...

Increased Risk of HIV-1 Transmission in Pregnancy: A Prospective Study among African HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples

MUGO, Nelly R; HEFFRON, Renee; DONNELL, Deborah; WALD, Anna; WERE, Edwin O; REES, Helen; CELUM, Connie; KIARIE, James N; et al (2011)

Background Physiologic and behavioral changes during pregnancy may alter HIV-1 susceptibility and infectiousness. Prospective studies exploring pregnancy and HIV-1 acquisition risk in women have found inconsistent ...

Comparative regional morphometric changes in human uterine artery before and during pregnancy

Obimbo, MM; Ogeng'o, Julius A; Saidi, H (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Uterine artery undergoes structural modifications at different physiologic states. It is expected that due to its unique course, hemodynamic stresses in the vessel would vary resulting in differences in ...

Biophysical profile scores and resistance indices of the umbilical artery as seen in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension

Nguku, S.W; Wanyoike-Gichuhi, J.; Aywak, A.A. (2006)

Objective: The role of Biophysical Profile Score and resistive index of the umbilical artery for monitoring pre-eclampsia patients. Design: Descriptive prospective study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital and Mater ...